Viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review

Wellenberg, G.J.; Poel, W.H.M. van der; Oirschot, J.T. van

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00098-6

Cited by 176 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This is in contrast to three previous reports of mastitis associated with C. burnetii infection that did not appear to investigate the possibility of mastitis caused by common aerobic mammary pathogens [4,13,24]. Although we were able to account for the potential effect of bacterial mastitis pathogens identified by routine aerobic culture, we could not eliminate the possible role of other less common bacterial or viral pathogens that might be associated with subclinical mastitis [21,25,26]. Despite this limitation, our finding that A-IMI negative CbPCR positive cows had a median SCC of > 200 000 cells/mL compared to < 100 000 cells/mL for A-IMI negative CbPCR negative cows is of particular interest from the perspective of mastitis control, as SCC is used as a diagnostic screening test in mastitis control programs [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Association betweenCoxiella burnetii shedding in milkand subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle

et al. 2008

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-The objective of this research was to explore the potential association between Coxiella burnetii shedding in milk and chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. In two separate studies, we identified an association between PCR-based detection of C. burnetii in milk and chronic subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. These studies were conducted in a commercial dairy herd where there was ongoing intensive monitoring of subclinical mastitis by aerobic bacteriology, but no prior knowledge or management of C. burnetii infections. In a case-control study, quarter level C. burnetii status determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was strongly associated with chronic subclinical mastitis as measured by milk somatic cell counts. In a subsequent cross sectional study, 147 (45%) of 325 lactating cows were positive for C. burnetii by RT-qPCR of composite milk samples. In a generalized linear model, accounting for the effect of covariates including aerobic intramammary infection status, C. burnetii PCR status was a significant predictor of linear somatic cell count score. In agreement with a small number of previous reports, this research provides evidence that there may be mammary gland specific manifestations of C. burnetii infections in dairy cattle. Coxiella burnetii / dairy cattle / mastitis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Association betweenCoxiella burnetii shedding in milkand subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle

et al. 2008

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“…Além disso, o GCV somente pode ser utilizado por infusão intravenosa, o que dificultaria a formulação de pomadas de uso tópico na glân-dula mamária de fêmeas bovinas. Embora a mamilite herpética bovina seja uma doença auto-limitante, possui importância em rebanhos leiteiros, pois pode produzir redução na produção de leite e predispor a infecções bacterianas, responsáveis por mastites (Wellenberg et al 2002). Pela semelhança com o HSV-1 e o HSV-2, acredita-se que fármacos disponíveis para o tratamento das infecções herpéticas humanas possam se constituir em alternativas para o tratamento das lesões vesiculares e erosivas produzidas pelo BoHV-2 (Field et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Atividade de três drogas antivirais sobre os herpesvírus bovino tipos 1, 2 e 5 em cultivo celular

et al. 2010

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The activity of three anti-herpetic drugs (Acyclovir [ACV], Gancyclovir [GCV] and Foscarnet [PFA]) was tested against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), 2 (BoHV-2) and 5 (BoHV-5) in vitro using the plaque reduction assay. Different drug concentrations were tested against one hundred 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50 ) of the respective viruses. Drug concentrations lower than 200μg/mL resulted in viability rates of more than 80% for MDBK and Hep2 cells in the MTT test (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The selectivity index (IS) of the drugs was calculated dividing the concentration of the drug that is cytotoxic for 50% of the cells (CC 50 ) by the concentration of the drug that was effective in reducing by 50% the number of viral plaques (EC 50 ) for the three herpesviruses. Thus, ACV was shown to be moderately active against BoHV-1 (EC 50 : 112.9μg/mL; IS: 4.5), BoHV-2 (EC 50 : 114.2μg/mL; IS: 4.5) and BoHV-5 (EC 50 : 96.9μg/mL; IS: 5.3). GCV was effective against BoHV-2 (EC 50 : 33.5μg/mL; IS: 16.6), moderately effective against BoHV-5 (EC 50 : 123.2μg/mL; IS: 4.5) and poorly active against BoHV-1 (EC 50 : 335.8μg/mL; IS: 1.7). PFA exhibited the highest antiviral activity, being the only drug that, at concentration of 100μg/mL, completely inhibited plaque formation by all three viruses. PFA was the most effective in vitro against BoHV-1 (EC 50 : 29.5μg/mL; IS: 42.2), BoHV-2 (EC 50 : 45.2μg/mL; IS: 27.6) and BoHV-5 (EC 50 : 7.8μg/mL; IS: 160.6). Thus, the results indicate that PFA is a promising candidate for experimental therapeutic testing in vivo against bovine herpesviruses.INDEX TERMS: Antivirals, BoHV-1, BoHV-2, BoHV-5, Foscarnet, Gancyclovir, Acyclovir. INTRODUÇÃOOs herpesvírus bovino tipos 1 (BoHV-1), 2 (BoHV-2) e 5 (BoHV-5) são vírus DNA de cadeia dupla linear, que possuem um capsídeo de simetria icosaédrica e envelope lipoprotéico, classificados na família Herpesviridae, subfamília Alphaherpesvirinae. Esses vírus estabelecem e reativam infecções latentes em seus hospedeiros, propriedade que permite a sua manutenção na natureza (Rock et al. 1992, Roizman 1992. O BoHV-1 e 5 pertencem ao gênero Varicellovirus, e o BoHV-2 é classificado no gêne-ro Simplexvirus (Roizman 1992). O BoHV-1 é associado com doença respiratória (rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina, IBR), conjuntivite, vulvovaginite/balanopostite pustular infecciosa (IPV/IBP), infertilidade transitória e abortos (Roizman 1992, Kahrs 2001. O BoHV-2 é associado à mamilite herpética bovina (BHM), doença vesicular e erosiva do úbere e tetos, que acomete principalmente vacas leiteiras de primeira cria (Kahrs 2001). O BoHV-5 é o agente da meningoencefalite herpética, doença geralmente fatal em bovinos jovens, e que ocorre com frequência na Argentina e no Brasil (Carrillo et al. 1983, Rissi et al. 2006.Historicamente, os herpesvírus humanos têm sido alvo para o desenvolvimento e teste de fármacos antivirais. O Aciclovir (ACV) e o Ganciclovir (GCV) são análogos de nucleosídeos, cujas moléculas consistem de uma guanina ass...

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“…Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory and infectious disorder of the udder tissue in cows, often occurs in response to bacterial invasion, and less frequently to invasion by molds, yeasts, Prototheca, and viruses (Wellenberg et al, 2002;Rakesh et al, 2006;Möller et al, 2007;Zadoks et al, 2011). The economic effect of bovine mastitis is significant, and in some cases nearly 10% of total milk production is unusable (Seegers et al, 2003;Halasa et al, 2007;Hogeveen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of PCR electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry for rapid molecular diagnosis of bovine mastitis

Perreten

Endimiani

Thomann

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, is one of the most costly diseases affecting the dairy industry. The treatment and prevention of this disease is linked heavily to the use of antibiotics in agriculture and early detection of the primary pathogen is essential to control the disease. Milk samples (n = 67) from cows suffering from mastitis were analyzed for the presence of pathogens using PCR electrosprayionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) and were compared with standard culture diagnostic methods. Concurrent identification of the primary mastitis pathogens was obtained for 64% of the tested milk samples, whereas divergent results were obtained for 27% of the samples. The PCR/ESI-MS failed to identify some of the primary pathogens in 18% of the samples, but identified other pathogens as well as microorganisms in samples that were negative by culture. The PCR/ ESI-MS identified bacteria to the species level as well as yeasts and molds in samples that contained a mixed bacterial culture (9%). The sensitivity of the PCR/ESI-MS for the most common pathogens ranged from 57.1 to 100% and the specificity ranged from 69.8 to 100% using culture as gold standard. The PCR/ESI-MS also revealed the presence of the methicillin-resistant gene mecA in 16.2% of the milk samples, which correlated with the simultaneous detection of staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus. We demonstrated that PCR/ESI-MS, a more rapid diagnostic platform compared with bacterial culture, has the significant potential to serve as an important screening method in the diagnosis of bovine clinical mastitis and has the capacity to be used in infection control programs for both subclinical and clinical disease.

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Viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review

Cited by 176 publications

References 56 publications

Association betweenCoxiella burnetii shedding in milkand subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle

Association betweenCoxiella burnetii shedding in milkand subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle

Atividade de três drogas antivirais sobre os herpesvírus bovino tipos 1, 2 e 5 em cultivo celular

Evaluation of PCR electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry for rapid molecular diagnosis of bovine mastitis

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