Viral Infections and Diabetes

Abstract

Abstract:Ty pe I diabetes mellitus (TI DM) is a multi-factorial auto immune disea se dete rm ined by the interaction ofgenetic, environmental and immunologic factors. One ofthe environmental risk factors identified by a series of independent studies is represented by viral infection, with strong evidence showing th at viru ses can indeed infect pancreatic 13 cell s with consequent effects ranging from functional dam age to cell death . In this chapter we review the data obtained both in man and in experimental anim al models in support of the potenti al participation of vira l infections to Type I diab etes pathogenesis , with a particular emphas is on virus-triggered islet inflammation, 13-cell dysfunction and autoimmunity.

Association of Early Exposure of Probiotics and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study

“…45 This may partly explain why we did not find an association between gastroenteritis and IA even though such an association has been suggested earlier. 46,47 …”

The Role of MIF in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…This disease is a multifactorial, organ-specific autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals [32]. T1DM is the result of the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells by infiltrating immune cells (insulitis); this occurs due to a failure in immune tolerance because the organism has had contact with specific viruses [33] such as cytomegalovirus [34] or with food molecules that caused molecular mimicry [35]. The common autoantigens recognized in this disease are insulin, glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), and the islet antigens IA-2 and IA-2 β [36, 37].…”

Prevalência de Lesões de Cárie de Doentes com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 Tratados com Múltiplas Administrações de Insulina e de Indivíduos sem Diabetes

“…37 O ICDAS consiste num sistema de avaliação clínica padronizado que permite a deteção, avaliação, diagnóstico e monitorização de lesões de cárie dentária. Este sistema tem por base a atribuição de um código de dois dígitos a cada face dentária avaliada, no qual o primeiro se refere à presença ou ausência de restaurações ou selantes de fissuras e o segundo se refere à presença ou ausência de lesões de cárie (Tabela 3).…”