Viral infections in critical care: a narrative review

Morris, Andrew Conway; Smielewska, Anna

doi:10.1111/anae.15946

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, as respiratory viruses can spread easily in a transplant ward or ICU, detection of a viral cause for HAP and VAP can prompt faster initiation of infection control measures to prevent mini outbreaks of these respiratory viruses. For example, viral infection necessitates droplet and the like precautions, while the presumption of a bacterial pathogen might trigger only contact precautions [ 23 , 24 ]. The identification of a culprit virus, therefore, will significantly alter infection control practices and, in turn, help stem the spread of disease and its attendant sequelae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Viruses in Nosocomial Pneumonia: An Evolving Paradigm

Zilberbeg¹,

Khan

Shorr

2023

Viruses

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Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Historically, clinicians have considered hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which comprise NP, to be essentially bacterial processes. As such, patients suspected of having either HAP or VAP are initially treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and few clinicians search for a possible culprit virus. Recent reports which build on earlier studies, however, indicate that viruses likely play an important role in NP. Studies employing viral diagnostics as part of the evaluation for NP indicate that common respiratory viruses can spread nosocomially and lead to HAP and VAP. Similarly, studies of the general epidemiology of respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus, confirm that these pathogens are important causes of NP, especially among immunosuppressed and pediatric patients. More importantly, these more contemporary analyses reveal that one cannot, based on clinical characteristics, distinguish a viral from a bacterial cause of NP. Additionally, viral HAP and VAP result in crude mortality rates that rival or exceed those reported in bacterial NP. Rigorous prospective, multicenter trials are needed to confirm the significance of respiratory viruses in NP, as are studies of novel therapeutics for these viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Viruses in Nosocomial Pneumonia: An Evolving Paradigm

Zilberbeg¹,

Khan

Shorr

2023

Viruses

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“…Particularly in mild or early cases, the early symptoms of a Nipah virus infection can be non-specific and resemble those of other common illnesses like respiratory infections or influenza. Because of this, it may be difficult to distinguish the Nipah virus from other illnesses using just clinical symptoms [46].…”

Section: Non-specific Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah Virus Disease: An Updated Review

Vandana,

Swarna,

Sreevidya

et al. 2024

UPJOZ

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The Nipah virus (NiV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family of zoonotic viruses that is extremely contagious and potentially fatal. The Nipah virus was first discovered in 1999 during an outbreak in Malaysia. Since then, it has periodically caused outbreaks throughout South and Southeast Asia, especially in Bangladesh and India, and it continues to be a serious public health concern. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected fruit bats, which serve as natural reservoir hosts for the Nipah virus. Human-to-human transmission can also happen when infected people's body fluids come into close contact with one another. The Nipah virus has a high death rate that varies depending on the outbreak and can cause a variety of clinical presentations, including encephalitis, severe respiratory illnesses, and asymptomatic infections. Fever, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and confusion are common signs of Nipah virus infections, which may lead to the rapid onset of coma in the patient. The Nipah virus does not presently have a specific antiviral treatment; instead, infection control methods and supportive care are the foundation of management to stop the virus from spreading. Nipah virus outbreaks must be stopped with an approach that includes community involvement, public health education, and surveillance of both human and animal populations. Additionally, efforts are directed toward developing vaccines as a more potent form of prevention. The Nipah virus is a clear reminder of the continuous threat that newly emerging infectious diseases pose, as well as the necessity of having strong surveillance systems and quick response times in place to lessen the effects that these outbreaks have on public health.

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Tracheal tube infections in critical care: A narrative review of influencing factors, microbial agents, and mitigation strategies in intensive care unit settings

Motallebirad,

Mohammadi,

Jadidi

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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Tracheal tube infections pose significant challenges in the management of mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units. These infections contribute to prolonged intensive care unit stays, increased healthcare costs, the spread of antibiotic resistance, and poor patient outcomes. This study aims to elucidate the complex relationship between environmental factors, hospital practices, and the incidence of tracheal tube infections. Our comprehensive review explores the impact of factors such as air quality, water sources, equipment contamination, ventilation strategies, infection control protocols, and microbial reservoirs within hospital settings on tracheal tube infection rates. Additionally, it investigates global variations in tracheal tube infection prevalence, which are influenced by differences in healthcare infrastructure, infection control adherence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and patient demographics. Our findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions and collaborative approaches to reduce the burden of tracheal tube infections and improve patient care in intensive care units. By fully understanding the interplay between environmental conditions and hospital practices, effective prevention and management strategies can be developed to reduce the impact of tracheal tube infections on patient outcomes and healthcare resources, ultimately enhancing the quality of care in critical care settings.

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Viral infections in critical care: a narrative review

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Respiratory Viruses in Nosocomial Pneumonia: An Evolving Paradigm

Respiratory Viruses in Nosocomial Pneumonia: An Evolving Paradigm

Nipah Virus Disease: An Updated Review

Tracheal tube infections in critical care: A narrative review of influencing factors, microbial agents, and mitigation strategies in intensive care unit settings

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