Viral Isolates of a Novel Putative Phlebovirus in the Marche Region of Italy

Remoli, Maria Elena; Fortuna, Claudia; Marchi, Antonella; Bucci, Paola; Argentini, C.; Bongiorno, Gioia; Maroli, M.; Gradoni, Luigi; Gramiccia, Marina; Ciufolini, Maria Grazia

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0457

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the present study, dogs living in the Ionian island of Corfu showed a much lower seroprevalence compared to the human population living in the same island (3.9% vs 51.7%) [8]; however, in this case the techniques used were different; in the human study, ELISA/IIF detected not only TOSV IgG but also IgG raised after infection with other viruses belonging to the Sandfly fever Naples serocomplex in which 6 new viruses were described during the last decade (Arrabida, Fermo, Granada, Massilia, Punique, Zerdali) [16, 33–37] in addition to Naples virus (a proven human pathogen) and Tehran virus. Although none of these viruses were detected or isolated in Greece or Cyprus, the presence of one of these 6 recently discovered viruses or of a yet to be discovered virus may account for these apparently discrepant results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Sandfly‐Borne Phleboviruses Belonging to Three Serocomplexes (Sandfly fever Naples, Sandfly fever Sicilian and Salehabad) in Dogs from Greece and Cyprus Using Neutralization Test

Alwassouf

Christodoulou²,

Bichaud

et al. 2016

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies are endemic in the Mediterranean area. The last decade has witnessed the description of an accumulating number of novel viruses. Although, the risk of exposure of vertebrates is globally assessed, detailed geographic knowledge is poor even in Greece and Cyprus where sandfly fever has been recognized for a long time and repeatedly. A total of 1,250 dogs from mainland Greece and Greek archipelago on one hand and 422 dogs from Cyprus on the other hand have been sampled and tested for neutralising antibodies against Toscana virus (TOSV), Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), Arbia virus, and Adana virus i.e. four viruses belonging to the 3 sandfly-borne serocomplexes known to circulate actively in the Mediterranean area. Our results showed that (i) SFSV is highly prevalent with 71.9% (50.7–84.9% depending on the region) in Greece and 60.2% (40.0–72.6%) in Cyprus; (ii) TOSV ranked second with 4.4% (0–15.4%) in Greece and 8.4% (0–11.4%) in Cyprus; (iii) Salehabad viruses (Arbia and Adana) displayed also substantial prevalence rates in both countries with values ranging from 0–22.6% depending on the region and on the virus strain used in the test. These results demonstrate that circulation of viruses transmitted by sand flies can be estimated qualitatively using dog sera. As reported in other regions of the Mediterranean, these results indicate that it is time to shift these viruses from the "neglected" status to the "priority" status in order to stimulate studies aiming at defining and quantifying their medical and veterinary importance and possible public health impact. Specifically, viruses belonging to the Sandfly fever Sicilian complex should be given careful consideration. This calls for implementation of direct and indirect diagnosis in National reference centers and in hospital microbiology laboratories and systematic testing of unelucidated febrile illness and central and peripheral nervous system febrile manifestations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Sandfly‐Borne Phleboviruses Belonging to Three Serocomplexes (Sandfly fever Naples, Sandfly fever Sicilian and Salehabad) in Dogs from Greece and Cyprus Using Neutralization Test

Alwassouf

Christodoulou²,

Bichaud

et al. 2016

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Among the SFVs, only TOSV is related to neuro-invasive disease, while other sand-fly variants cause a mild flu-like illness, but the serological differentiation between the serotypes is very difficult and they are usually regarded as one serocomplex. In recent years, the geographical distribution of TOSV (or closely related other phleboviruses) has been extended dramatically within the old world and antigenically similar novel viruses have been reported [2,[15][16][17][18]. Therefore, our cases might represent a TOSV-related neuro-invasive strain, even though the immunofluorecsence assays were unable to distinguish between the viruses within the sand-fly virus serocomplex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sandfly Virus Encephalitis in Israel: Two Case Reports and a Review

Cohen¹,

Frida²,

Shimoni³

et al. 2017

J Neuroinfect Dis

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Background: Infections due to Sand-fly virus (SFV) are common in the Mediterranean region, but are rarely diagnosed in Israel. Until recently, no cases of severe neuro-invasive SFV infections were reported. In this study, we describe two cases of encephalitis associated with seroconversion to SFV acquired in Israel. We further try to postulate about the infecting strain of the SFV, its local phlebotomine vector, and the reasons for the emergence of this infection in Israel.

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“…perniciosus colonies [37][38][39]. These experimental results were complemented by the observation in nature of equal rates of TOSV infection in male and female sand flies, suggesting the existence of transovarial (vertical) and/or venereal (horizontal) transmission during mating [40][41][42][43]. Additionally, the survival of TOSV in overwintering Ph.…”

Section: Pathways Of Tosv Transmission and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 83%

Broader Geographical Distribution of Toscana Virus in the Mediterranean Region Suggests the Existence of Larger Varieties of Sand Fly Vectors

et al. 2020

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Toscana virus (TOSV) is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, where it is transmitted by sand flies. TOSV can infect humans and cause febrile illness as well as neuroinvasive infections affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although TOSV is a significant human pathogen, it remains neglected and there are consequently many gaps of knowledge. Recent seroepidemiology studies and case reports showed that TOSV’s geographic distribution is much wider than was assumed a decade ago. The apparent extension of the TOSV circulation area raises the question of the sandfly species that are able to transmit the virus in natural conditions. Phlebotomus (Ph.) perniciosus and Ph. perfiliewi were historically identified as competent species. Recent results suggest that other species of sand flies could be competent for TOSV maintenance and transmission. Here we organize current knowledge in entomology, epidemiology, and virology supporting the possible existence of additional phlebotomine species such as Ph. longicuspis, Ph. sergenti, Ph. tobbi, Ph. neglectus, and Sergentomyia minuta in TOSV maintenance. We also highlight some of the knowledge gaps to be addressed in future studies.

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Viral Isolates of a Novel Putative Phlebovirus in the Marche Region of Italy

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Seroprevalence of Sandfly‐Borne Phleboviruses Belonging to Three Serocomplexes (Sandfly fever Naples, Sandfly fever Sicilian and Salehabad) in Dogs from Greece and Cyprus Using Neutralization Test

Seroprevalence of Sandfly‐Borne Phleboviruses Belonging to Three Serocomplexes (Sandfly fever Naples, Sandfly fever Sicilian and Salehabad) in Dogs from Greece and Cyprus Using Neutralization Test

Sandfly Virus Encephalitis in Israel: Two Case Reports and a Review

Broader Geographical Distribution of Toscana Virus in the Mediterranean Region Suggests the Existence of Larger Varieties of Sand Fly Vectors

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