Viral rhinitis

Gentile, Deborah A.; Skoner, David P.

doi:10.1007/s11882-001-0009-3

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute rhinitis (20,21,33). Nasal secretions become enriched with pro-inflammatory mediators, cytokines and eicosanoids (leukotrienes and prostaglandins), accompanied by an infiltration of PMN (20,21,34). LTB 4 is the most potent chemoattractant for PMN and therefore responsible for the neutrophilic infiltration in rhinitis-infected tissue (34,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxymetazoline Inhibits and Resolves Inflammatory Reactions in Human Neutrophils

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The nasal decongestant oxymetazoline (OMZ) exhibits anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory properties (I. Beck-Speier et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;316:842-851). In a follow up study, we hypothesized that OMZ generates pro-resolving lipoxins being paralleled by production of immune-modulating prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and anti-inflammatory 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HETE] and depletion of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ). Human neutrophils (PMN) were chosen as the cellular system. The effect of OMZ on these parameters as well as on respiratory burst activity and oxidative stress marker 8-isprostane was analyzed in unstimulated and co-stimulated PMN by ultrafine carbon particles (UCP) or opsonized zymosan (OZ), respectively. In unstimulated cells, OMZ induced formation of PGE 2 , 15(S)-HETE, and LXA 4 . The levels of LTB 4 and 8-isoprostane were not affected, whereas respiratory burst activity was drastically inhibited. In UCP-and OZ-stimulated control cells, all parameters were elevated. Here, OMZ maintained the increased levels of PGE 2 , 15(S)-HETE, and LXA 4 , but substantially suppressed levels of LTB 4 and 8-isoprostane and inhibited the respiratory burst activity. These findings suggest a switch from the pro-inflammatory eicosanoid class LTB 4 to the pro-resolving LXA 4 . Since LXA 4 is most relevant in returning inflamed tissue to homeostasis, OMZ is postulated to terminate rhinitis-related inflammation, thus contributing to shortening of disease duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxymetazoline Inhibits and Resolves Inflammatory Reactions in Human Neutrophils

et al. 2009

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“…Particularly leukotrienes such as LTB 4 and leukotriene C 4 , which rise in the nasal fluid of rhinitis patients, are generated and released by virus-infected cells of the respiratory tract (Ananaba and Anderson, 1991;van Schaik et al, 1999;Gentile and Skoner, 2001;Gentile et al, 2003). Leukotrienes such as LTD 4 applied directly to the nasal mucosa of noninfected individuals reproduced symptoms of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea (Bisgaard et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxymetazoline Inhibits Proinflammatory Reactions: Effect on Arachidonic Acid-Derived Metabolites

Beck‐Speier¹,

Dayal²,

Karg³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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The nasal decongestant oxymetazoline effectively reduces rhinitis symptoms. We hypothesized that oxymetazoline affects arachidonic acid-derived metabolites concerning inflammatory and oxidative stress-dependent reactions. The ability of oxymetazoline to model pro-and anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses was evaluated in cell-free systems, including 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) as proinflammatory, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) as anti-inflammatory enzymes, and oxidation of methionine by agglomerates of ultrafine carbon particles (UCPs), indicating oxidative stress. In a cellular approach using canine alveolar macrophages (AMs), the impact of oxymetazoline on phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) activity, respiratory burst and synthesis of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), and 8-isoprostane was measured in the absence and presence of UCP or opsonized zymosan as particulate stimulants. In cell-free systems, oxymetazoline (0.4 -1 mM) inhibited 5-LO but not 15-LO activity and did not alter UCP-induced oxidation of methionine. In AMs, oxymetazoline induced PLA 2 activity and 15-HETE at 1 mM, enhanced PGE 2 at 0.1 mM, strongly inhibited LTB 4 and respiratory burst at 0.4/0.1 mM (p Ͻ 0.05), but did not affect 8-isoprostane formation. In contrast, oxymetazoline did not alter UCP-induced PLA 2 activity and PGE 2 and 15-HETE formation in AMs but inhibited UCP-induced LTB 4 formation and respiratory burst at 0.1 mM and 8-isoprostane formation at 0.001 mM (p Ͻ 0.05). In opsonized zymosanstimulated AMs, oxymetazoline inhibited LTB 4 formation and respiratory burst at 0.1 mM (p Ͻ 0.05). In conclusion, in canine AMs, oxymetazoline suppressed proinflammatory reactions including 5-LO activity, LTB 4 formation, and respiratory burst and prevented particle-induced oxidative stress, whereas PLA 2 activity and synthesis of immune-modulating PGE 2 and 15-HETE were not affected.

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“…Nevertheless, these groups worked with macrophages in the mouse (29) or canine (27) system and thus are difficult to compare to our system working with human DC. Whether the reduced secretion of IL‐8, well known to be a potent chemotactic cytokine necessary for the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells (5), plays an important role as well needs to be examined in further studies. As DC are antigen‐presenting cells capable of inducing and activating T‐cell responses in the local draining lymph nodes, the functional inhibition of DC through OMZ at the site of inflammation may result in a reduced recruitment of immune cells from the local lymph nodes into the skin and mucosa contributing in part to the effect of decongestion seen after application of OMZ in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its frequent occurrence, little is known about the pathogenesis of URTIs. It is currently believed that the symptoms of an URTI are the result of the host's inflammatory immune response to the virus rather than a direct viral cytotoxic effect (4,5). This concept is supported by various observations in vitro and in vivo demonstrating that nasal secretions during rhinovirus infection become enriched in albumin, kinins, immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) and proinflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept is supported by various observations in vitro and in vivo demonstrating that nasal secretions during rhinovirus infection become enriched in albumin, kinins, immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) and proinflammatory cytokines. This is usually accompanied by a predominantly neutrophilic cellular infiltrate (4–6). The virus‐induced strong inflammatory response is mediated by specific proinflammatory cytokines released by, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxymetazoline modulates proinflammatory cytokines and the T‐cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells

Tuettenberg¹,

Koelsch

Knop³

et al. 2007

Experimental Dermatology

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The nasal decongestant oxymetazoline (OMZ) is frequently used in the topical treatment of rhinitis/sinusitis. As proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the development and maintenance of local inflammation, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of OMZ on immune cells in order to diminish the mucosal infiltration of the nose. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from buffy coats of healthy volunteers were isolated and stimulated in the presence or absence of OMZ. In addition, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) were generated and different concentrations of OMZ were added. DC phenotype and their T-cell stimulatory properties were analysed. The vasoactive substance OMZ showed a concentration dependent inhibitory effect on T-cell activation as well as a dominant effect on T-cell stimulatory properties of DC. Low concentrations of OMZ inhibited the proliferation of polyclonally activated T cells. In addition, secretion of proinflammatory mediators such as the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), IL-6 and IL-8 were inhibited in the presence of physiological doses of OMZ. Interestingly, the addition of IL-6 to DC-T-cell co-culture was able to completely restore T-cell proliferation. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties of OMZ are partially mediated by the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines as well as reduced T-cell stimulatory capacity of DC resulting in a repressed stimulation of T cells. Therefore, the therapeutic benefit of OMZ can be explained in part by its immunomodulating effects in the topical treatment of nasal inflammation.

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Viral rhinitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Oxymetazoline Inhibits and Resolves Inflammatory Reactions in Human Neutrophils

Oxymetazoline Inhibits and Resolves Inflammatory Reactions in Human Neutrophils

Oxymetazoline Inhibits Proinflammatory Reactions: Effect on Arachidonic Acid-Derived Metabolites

Oxymetazoline modulates proinflammatory cytokines and the T‐cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells

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