Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Guibas, George V.; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54093-1_1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…air pollution and respiratory irritants) or seasonal factors (e.g. viral infections, seasonal changes and allergies) [15,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. These causes may mimic, interact with or coincide with infectious aetiologies and produce similar clinical findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the rate, pattern and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a cohort of pilgrims suffering from upper respiratory tract infection during the 2018 Hajj season

Bokhary

Team

Barasheed

et al. 2022

Access Microbiology

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Hajj is associated with an increased risk of the transmission of infectious diseases including upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). It can be a focal point for the emergence, persistence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. The overuse of antibiotics during Hajj can promote the development of antimicrobial resistance. Little information is known regarding the true appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics for treating URTIs during Hajj. Here we studied the rate, patterns and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription among a cohort of pilgrims who were treated for URTIs during the 2018 Hajj season. Adult pilgrims who sought medical services for URTIs [presenting with coryza, runny nose, nasal irritation, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache or fever (even if subjective)] within the Holy sites were enrolled in this study and consented to provide swabs and medical information. A total of 121 pilgrims were enrolled, with the majority (60.3 %) originating from North African Arab countries. Most were male (89.3 %) with a median age of 45 years. Bacterial infections were detected in 7.3 % (n=9) of the URTI cases. The identified bacteria included Haemophilus influenzae (n=6, all resistant to ampicillin), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=2), Staphylococcus aureus (n=1, resistant to oxacillin) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n=1, resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). The antibiotic prescription rate was 52.1%, most of which was amoxicillin (81 %). The data demonstrated that the proportion of appropriate practices in treating bacterial URTIs in this cohort was 45.5 %. This study highlights the need for implementing laboratory identification of the aetiological agents and related AMR profiles when treating URTIs in Hajj, rather than relying on clinical assessment alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the rate, pattern and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a cohort of pilgrims suffering from upper respiratory tract infection during the 2018 Hajj season

Bokhary

Team

Barasheed

et al. 2022

Access Microbiology

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“…however, the occurrence of complications during the course of the disease and after are more and more commonly observed, and they include pneumonia, bronchitis, middle ear inflammation, myositis, meningitis and even death [27]. it should be remembered that infection caused by the influenza virus and other viruses may exacerbate the course of chronic diseases such as asthma [28,29]. in addition, influenza takes the form of an annual epidemic and causes infections in many people, resulting both in numerous school absences in the case of pediatric patients and sick leaves in adults.…”

Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics Of Selected Viral Rtis In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in children in the COVID-19 pandemic time

Wawryk‐Gawda¹,

Emeryk²,

Chojęta³

2021

fmpcr

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Background. respiratory tract infections (rtis) constitute the most common reason for pediatric patients to report to primary care facilities. additionally, rtis are also a significant problem among hospitalized patients. due to the lack of specificity in the observed symptoms, rtis cause both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Objectives. the aim of our study was to explain the causes of rtis in the pediatric population and to provide guidelines to facilitate diagnosis. Material and methods. in the study, the authors analyzed available literature dealing with the possibility of laboratory diagnosis and the results of treatment used in children with rtis. Results. in pediatric patients, rtis are mainly caused by viruses and occur seasonally during the autumn-winter period. there are certain factors, such as physiological distinctness resulting from developmental immaturity of the body, genetically determined diseases and specific diseases occurring during childhood, which contribute to the incidence of rtis. moreover, factors depending on the mother and the growth environment also significantly affect the incidence of rtis in children. Conclusions. available knowledge concerning the seasonality of the occurrence of individual pathogens and the differences in symptoms may facilitate an initial diagnosis. however, lower respiratory tract infections, and severe infections in particular, require the use of specific diagnostic tests which allow for both the identification of the etiological factors and the implementation of targeted treatment. the CoVid-19 pandemic has highlighted the difficulties in the diagnosis and therapy of rtis in pediatric patients, as well as the need to develop more sensitive diagnostic tools and a more effective treatment.

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“…1 [1,2]. Figure 1 shows graphically the area of LRT (larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles), classically defined area of URT (nose with the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, pharynx), and the proposed extension for the purpose of this definition study of the URT area due to the significant convergence of methods of apparatus based diagnostics [3,4]. The basis of effective treatment of respiratory system disorders is modern diagnostics of diseases in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Kukwa,

Zając,

Barański

et al. 2021

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The rapidly developing measurement techniques and emerging new physical methods are frequently used in otolaryngological diagnostics. A wide range of applied diagnostic methods constituted the basis for the review study aimed at presenting selected modern diagnostic methods and achieved diagnostic results to a wider group of users. In this part, the methods based on measuring the respiratory parameters of patients were analysed. Respiration is the most important and necessary action to support life and its effective duration. It is an actual gas exchange in the respiratory system consisting of removing CO 2 and supplying O 2 . Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, and an efficient respiratory tract allows for effective ventilation. The disruption in the work of the respiratory system leads to measurable disturbances in blood saturation and, consequently, hypoxia. Frequent, even short-term, recurrent hypoxia in any part of the body leads to multiple complications. This process is largely related to its duration and the processes that accompany it. The causes of hypoxia resulting from impaired patency of the respiratory tract and/or the absence of neuronal respiratory drive can be divided into the following groups depending on the cause: peripheral, central and/or of mixed origin. Causes of the peripheral form of these disorders are largely due to the impaired patency of the upper and/or lower respiratory tract. Therefore, early diagnosis and location of these disorders can be considered reversible and not a cause of complications. Slow, gradually increasing obstruction of the upper respiratory

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Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 122 publications

Evaluation of the rate, pattern and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a cohort of pilgrims suffering from upper respiratory tract infection during the 2018 Hajj season

Evaluation of the rate, pattern and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a cohort of pilgrims suffering from upper respiratory tract infection during the 2018 Hajj season

Differential diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in children in the COVID-19 pandemic time

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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