Virginia mallow (<i>Sida hermaphrodita</i> (L.) Rusby) as perennial multipurpose crop: biomass yields, energetic valorization, utilization potentials, and management perspectives

Nahm, Michael; Morhart, Christopher

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12501

Cited by 55 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The content of cellulose, resin, and wax in its stalks is comparable to that of spruce and pine, therefore Sida can also be used in the pulp and paper industry. Sida holds great potential in combining ecosystem services, such as decreasing soil erosion [22], carbon storage [23], phytoremediation [24], and nitrate leaching, as well as strengthening biodiversity [25]. The most promising application of Sida seems to be for the purpose of biogas production for energy purposes.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Energy Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most promising application of Sida seems to be for the purpose of biogas production for energy purposes. Its stalks are most suitable for direct combustion and its leaves for biogas production [22]. The calorific value of Sida stalk combustion is comparable to that of beech wood.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Energy Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two novel perennial crops which are not widely known in Europe and which have been, until now, only under scientific interest and that meet these criteria are (among others) Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby (Sida) and Silphium perfoliatum L. (Silphium). These crops are characterised by a wide potential for use, for example, as forage [20,21], energy plants species [22], as well for industrial and medicinal use [21], and have a positive effect on soil quality [22][23][24][25]. They are also long flowering plants and a source of nectar and pollen for honeybees [20] and other pollinators, which is a very important aspect of environmental protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition and Biogas Formation potential of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum

et al. 2019

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Biogas production and use is one of the pillars of the EU strategy for fossil fuels replacement via renewable energies. In Poland, the most commonly used crop for biogas production is maize. There are many factors limiting the cultivation of this crop, which is why alternative plants are sought. The aim of the present paper was to assess the effect of establishing a plantation using seeds, seedlings, and various harvest dates on biogas production from Silphium perfoliatum L. (Silphium) and from two phenotypes of Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby (Sida). Harvesting was conducted in the second (2017) and third year of crop growth (2018). These crops were harvested in June and at the beginning of October as a two-cut strategy. Additionally, Silphium was harvested in early autumn as a one-cut strategy. Specific biogas yield (SBY) and specific biomethane yield (SMY) were estimated using the modified Baserga method. The biogas yield per hectare (BY) was calculated. The crop species, method of establishing a plantation, as well as the date and the number of harvests had a significant effect on the content of the selected chemical components; however, significant differences in terms of SBY were not found for the two-cut strategy. In the case of Silphium, approximately 40% more BY was produced for the two-cut strategy compared to the one-cut strategy. The BY was found to be significantly affected by the biomass yield; markedly higher BY can be obtained from Silphium and the average amount obtained in one year was 8598 m3 ha-1 while 4759 m3 ha-1 was obtained from Sida.

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Section: Characteristics Of Energy Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Energy Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition and Biogas Formation potential of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum

et al. 2019

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“…Until now, in order to ensure high yields of biomass, rational mineral fertilization has generally been used. Attention is increasingly drawn to the recovery of macroelements from organic and mineral waste (Kiciñska and Gruszecka-Kosowska 2016, Nahm and Morhart 2018, Szymañska et al 2019. Thanks to this assumption, we can limit the use of mineral fertilizers in the context of retardation of natural resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The possibility of using sewage sludge for energy crop cultivation exemplified by reed canary grass and giant miscanthus

Antonkiewicz¹,

Kołodziej²,

Bielińska³

et al. 2019

Soil Science Annual

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Energy crops, on account of high biomass yields, have high nutrient requirements in relation to macroelements. Municipal sewage sludge can be a potential source of micronutrients for plants with high nutrient requirements. The use of macronutrients from sewage sludge by energy crops is an alternative form of nutrient recycling from organic waste. The aim of the research was to assess the content, uptake and use of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na from municipal sewage sludge by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu). The effect of sewage sludge on the ratios between macroelements in the biomass of the tested plants was also assessed. The multi-year field experiment involved four levels of fertilization with sewage sludge at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 Mg DM·ha−1. Due to the low potassium content in this waste, supplementary potassium fertilization (100 kg K·ha−1 in the form of 40% potassium salt (KCl)) was applied once on all plots. It was established that the increasing doses of sewage sludge had a considerable effect on the increase in the content and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na by the biomass of the tested energy crops. The research shows that, compared to giant miscanthus, reed canary grass had a higher macronutrient content. The largest amount of uptaken N, P, K, Ca and Mg was found in reed canary grass (at a dose of 40 Mg DM·ha−1), whereas Na was detected in giant miscanthus (at a dose o 20 Mg DM·ha−1). It was established that giant miscanthus, on account of its higher yielding, recovers macroelements from sewage sludge applied to soil at a dose of 10 Mg DM·ha−1 to the greatest extent. The increasing doses of sewage sludge considerably decreased the value of K:Mg, Ca:Mg, Ca:P ratios in miscanthus biomass yield. The applied doses of sewage sludge (40–60 Mg DM·ha−1) increased the value of K:Ca, Ca:P, K:Na ratios in miscanthus biomass yield.

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“…The plant is resistant to low and high temperatures. Its extensive and deep root system allows to survive periods of drought and frost [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis on Co-Gasification of Sewage Sludge with Energetic Crops

et al. 2019

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As known, dried sewage sludge, is a by-product produced from waste water treatment, contains significant amounts of organic content, and makes up to 60% with overall calorific value from 9 to 12 MJ/kg. Hence, it can be considered as material for thermal processing focusing on heat and power production. Among thermal conversion technologies, gasification is seen as the effective one because it can be easily combined with heat and power cogeneration units. On the other hand, due to high mineral content (40–50%) in the sludge, it is difficult to be gasified and obtain syngas with calorific value satisfactory enough for fueling the internal combustion engine. The dried sludge can be subjected to be gasified at temperature above 850 °C. However, large amounts of mineral content do not provide favorable conditions to obtain this required temperature. Thus, it is proposed to enrich the sewage sludge with biomass characterized with significantly higher calorific value. In the article, co-gasification of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow—energetic crops was investigated. Results from experimental and numerical investigation have been presented. The dried sewage sludge enriched with Virginia Mallow at a mass ratio of 0/100%, 50/50% and 100/0% in tests and in the range from 0 to 100% for theoretical analysis was applied in order to achieve effective gasification process. As observed, lignocellulosic biomass like Virginia Mallow contains low amounts of mineral content below 2%, which makes it appropriate for thermal processing. It contributes to more stable and efficient gasification process. Additionally, Virginia Mallow caused that the process temperature possible to achieve, was 950 °C. Thus, sewage sludge was mixed with this high-energy component in order to improve the gasification parameters and obtain syngas with higher calorific value. A zero-dimensional, two-zone model was developed with aid of the POLIMI kinetics mechanism developed by CRECK Modeling Group to simulate gasification of low calorific substances enriched with high calorific biomass. Obtained results showed that sewage sludge can be completely gasified at presence of Virginia Mallow. Syngas calorific value of approximately 5 MJ/Nm3 was produced from this gasification process. The maximal percentage of Virginia Mallow in the mixture with the sewage sludge was set at 50% due to economic aspects of the technology. It was found, that satisfactory conditions for effective gasification were achieved at this 50/50% percentage of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow. Potential intensity of gasification was predicted from this 0-D 2-zones model, which calculates area of reduction zone to area of combustion zone. This reduction-to-combustion area ratio for the sewage sludge-Virginia Mallow mixture was estimated at value of 2. Finally, the model was successfully verified with results from tests, hence it was proposed as a tool for preliminary investigation on poor fuels gasification.

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Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby) as perennial multipurpose crop: biomass yields, energetic valorization, utilization potentials, and management perspectives

Cited by 55 publications

References 65 publications

Chemical Composition and Biogas Formation potential of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum

Chemical Composition and Biogas Formation potential of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum

The possibility of using sewage sludge for energy crop cultivation exemplified by reed canary grass and giant miscanthus

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis on Co-Gasification of Sewage Sludge with Energetic Crops

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