Viriobenthos in aquatic sediments: variability in abundance and production and impact on the C-cycle

Pinto, Federica; Larsen, Stefano; Casper, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00027-013-0301-z

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In these environments, viral abundances have previously been reported to range from 10 7 to 10 10 VLP g −1 of dry sediment, being 10-1000 times higher than viral abundances in the water column (Danovaro et al, 2008a). Viral numbers in sediments, with pore water included, between 10 4 and 10 11 VLP ml −1 have been reported (Duhamel & Jacquet, 2006;Pinto et al, 2013). Similar general trends as in water columns can also be observed in the viriobenthos.…”

Section: (A) Benthossupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Consequently, it has been posited that declines in VBR are due to viral loss, for example by non-specific adsorption to particles (Maranger & Bird, 1995) or degradation after adsorption to humic substances (Anesio et al, 2004). Inversely, high VBR values have been attributed to high viral production Kellogg, 2010;Yoshida-Takashima et al, 2012;Pinto, Larsen & Casper, 2013;Engelhardt et al, 2014;Parvathi et al, 2014) or low viral decay (Mei & Danovaro, 2004;Danovaro et al, 2005;Williamson et al, 2007;Winter, Kerros & Weinbauer, 2009;Maurice et al, 2010;De Corte et al, 2012), which in some cases (e.g. in soil and sediments) could be an artifact of extraction procedures (Middelboe, Glud & Finster, 2003;Williamson, Radosevich & Wommack, 2005;Kimura et al, 2008;Williamson, 2011).…”

Section: Introduction: the Virus-to-prokaryote Ratio -Definition Amentioning

confidence: 97%

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Deciphering the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR): insights into virus–host relationships in a variety of ecosystems

et al. 2016

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The discovery of the numerical importance of viruses in a variety of (aquatic) ecosystems has changed our perception of their importance in microbial processes. Bacteria and Archaea undoubtedly represent the most abundant cellular life forms on Earth and past estimates of viral numbers (represented mainly by viruses infecting prokaryotes) have indicated abundances at least one order of magnitude higher than that of their cellular hosts. Such dominance has been reflected most often by the virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR), proposed as a proxy for the relationship between viral and prokaryotic communities. VPR values have been discussed in the literature to express viral numerical dominance (or absence of it) over their cellular hosts, but the ecological meaning and interpretation of this ratio has remained somewhat nebulous or contradictory. We gathered data from 210 publications (and additional unpublished data) on viral ecology with the aim of exploring VPR. The results are presented in three parts: the first consists of an overview of the minimal, maximal and calculated average VPR values in an extensive variety of different environments. Results indicate that VPR values fluctuate over six orders of magnitude, with variations observed within each ecosystem. The second part investigates the relationship between VPR and other indices, in order to assess whether VPR can provide insights into virus-host relationships. A positive relationship was found between VPR and viral abundance (VA), frequency of visibly infected cells (FVIC), burst size (BS), frequency of lysogenic cells (FLC) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. An inverse relationship was detected between VPR and prokaryotic abundance (PA) (in sediments), prokaryotic production (PP) and virus-host contact rates (VCR) as well as salinity and temperature. No significant relationship was found between VPR and viral production (VP), fraction of mortality from viral lysis (FMVL), viral decay rate (VDR), viral turnover (VT) or depth. Finally, we summarize our results by proposing two scenarios in two contrasting environments, based on current theories on viral ecology as well as the present results. We conclude that since VPR fluctuates in every habitat for different reasons, as it is linked to a multitude of factors related to virus-host dynamics, extreme caution should be used when inferring relationships between viruses and their hosts. Furthermore, we posit that the VPR is only useful in specific, controlled conditions, e.g. for the monitoring of fluctuations in viral and host abundance over time.

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Section: (A) Benthossupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introduction: the Virus-to-prokaryote Ratio -Definition Amentioning

confidence: 97%

Deciphering the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR): insights into virus–host relationships in a variety of ecosystems

et al. 2016

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“…In shallow estuarine ecosystems, hydrodynamics (tide, waves, wind) induce erosion of particulate material from the sediments into the overlying water column and at the sedimentwater interface, the gradients in organic and inorganic nutrients may structure the composition of the microbial communities and their activities (Seymour et al, 2007). Differences in grain size distribution may explain the distribution of dissolved and particulate matter according to the porosity and permeability of the sediment (Pinto et al, 2013). The smaller pore size and higher surface area in clays and silts compared to sand may infer a higher dissolved nutrients in clayed sediment and a higher desorption of organic particles in sandy sediment (Wainright, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial interactions in marine water amended by eroded benthic biofilm: A case study from an intertidal mudflat

Montanie¹,

Ory²,

Orvain³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sea Research

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“…Across six studies in benthic sediments, for example, virus‐caused mortality of prokaryotes released between 0.1% and 10% of the organic carbon supporting heterotrophic bacteria (Pinto et al. ). Pathogenic carbon consumption by the fungus Rhytisma polare reduced ecosystem carbon by 20% in Arctic tundra (Masumoto et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite and pathogen effects on ecosystem processes: A quantitative review

et al. 2020

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Pathogens and parasites (henceforth “pathogens”) can make up a large percentage of the biomass found in ecosystems, and therefore, their impacts on ecosystem processes should be prominent. Pathogens influence ecosystem processes by affecting the abundance or phenotype of hosts and through direct contributions to ecosystem production. However, there has been little quantitative synthesis of the relative effect sizes of these impacts on ecosystem processes. This study presents a systematic review and meta‐analysis of pathogen effects on primary production, secondary production, and biogeochemical cycles. We find that the effects of pathogens on ecosystem processes were greater where pathogens influenced host or community abundance or biomass than when they influenced phenotypes. Pathogen impacts on primary production were larger than on secondary production or biogeochemical cycles. By contrast, we detected no general differences in effect sizes across host or pathogen taxon or ecosystem type (terrestrial vs. aquatic). While we have found potential evidence of publication bias against negative results, a well‐known issue in meta‐analyses, our work nonetheless shows that the available literature under‐represents some taxa and geographic regions. To better understand the extent and magnitude of pathogen impacts on ecosystem processes, future research is needed in four areas. First, research is needed on the most understudied systems, including bacteria and viruses, as well as tropical ecosystems. A second priority is research seeking to understand how key components of ecosystem variation, including age (time of ecological continuity), productivity, and species diversity and composition, may interact to mediate pathogen impacts. Third, we suggest expanding on work examining how pathogen effects are influenced by climate change, species introductions, deforestation, and other human impacts. Fourth, we expect that host coinfection influences ecosystem processes in ways that cannot always be predicted based on studies of single infections. To enable others to build on this work, we make available the data we extracted from the literature, with the code for computing effect sizes.

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Viriobenthos in aquatic sediments: variability in abundance and production and impact on the C-cycle

Cited by 16 publications

References 83 publications

Deciphering the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR): insights into virus–host relationships in a variety of ecosystems

Deciphering the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR): insights into virus–host relationships in a variety of ecosystems

Microbial interactions in marine water amended by eroded benthic biofilm: A case study from an intertidal mudflat

Parasite and pathogen effects on ecosystem processes: A quantitative review

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