Currently, there is an inherent contradiction between the multifunctionality and excellent biocompatibility of anticancer drug nanocarriers, which limits their application. Therefore, to overcome this limitation, we aimed to develop a biocompatible drug delivery system for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we employed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) as the fundamental framework of the nanocarrier and utilized the emulsion solvent evaporation method to fabricate nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel (PTX), known as PTX-PHBV NPs. To enhance the tumortargeting capability, a dopamine self-polymerization strategy was employed to form a pH-sensitive coating on the surface of the nanoparticles. Then, folic acid (FA)-targeting HCC was conjugated to the nanoparticles with a polydopamine (PDA) coating by using the Michael addition reaction, resulting in the formation of HCC-targeted nanoparticles