Virological evaluation of the ‘Ottawa case’ indicates no evidence for HIV-1 superinfection

Angel, Jonathan B.; Hu, Yu-Wen; Kravcik, Stephen; Tsui, Rose; Lee, Kok H; Barbour, Jason D.; Balaskas, Evan; Branson, Bernard M.; Delwart, Eric; Grant, Robert M.

doi:10.1097/00002030-200401230-00027

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There is seldom discussion about the benefit of starting cART during the pre-conception period for men and women who do not require cART for their own health. Treatment before conception is a horizontal risk-reduction issue-as reduction in viral plasma load often correlates to reduction of viral load in semen and vaginal fluid-and should be discussed with the patient in all scenarios to reduce risk to his or her HIV-negative partner or reduce the risk of superinfection to his or her HIV-positive partner [47][48][49].…”

Section: Combination Antiretroviral and Other Drugs In Pregnancy Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian HIV Pregnancy Planning Guidelines

Loutfy

Margolese

Money

et al. 2012

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective Four main clinical issues need to be considered for HIV‐positive individuals and couples with respect to pregnancy planning and counselling: (1) pre‐conceptional health; (2) transmission from mother to infant, which has been significantly reduced by combined antiretroviral therapy; (3) transmission between partners during conception, which requires different prevention and treatment strategies depending on the status and needs of those involved; and (4) management of infertility issues. The objective of the Canadian HIV Pregnancy Planning Guidelines is to provide clinical information and recommendations for health care providers to assist HIV‐positive individuals and couples with their fertility and pregnancy planning decisions. These guidelines are evidence‐ and community‐based and flexible, and they take into account diverse and intersecting local/population needs and the social determinants of health. Outcomes Intended outcomes are (1) reduction of risk of vertical transmission and horizontal transmission of HIV, (2) improvement of maternal and infant health outcomes in the presence of HIV, (3) reduction of the stigma associated with pregnancy and HIV, and (4) increased access to pregnancy planning and fertility services. Evidence PubMed and Medline were searched for articles published in English or French to December 20, 2010, using the following terms: “HIV” and “pregnancy” or “pregnancy planning” or “fertility” or “reproduction” or “infertility” or “parenthood” or “insemination” or “artificial insemination” or “sperm washing” or “IVF” or “ICSI” or “IUI.” Other search terms included “HIV” and “horizontal transmission” or “sexual transmission” or “serodiscordant.” The following conference databases were also searched: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, International AIDS Conference, International AIDS Society, Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, the Canadian Association of HIV/AIDS Research, and the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Research Conference. Finally, a hand search of key journals and conferences was performed, and references of retrieved articles were reviewed for additional citations. Subsequently, abstracts were categorized according to their primary topic (based on an outline of the guidelines) into table format with the following headings: author, title, study purpose, participants, results and general comments. Finally, experts in the field were consulted for their opinions as to whether any articles were missed. Values The quality of evidence was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Recommendations for practice were ranked according to the method described in that report (Table) and through use of the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation instrument for the development of clinical guidelines. Sponsors The Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, Women and HIV Research Program, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, ...

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Section: Combination Antiretroviral and Other Drugs In Pregnancy Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian HIV Pregnancy Planning Guidelines

Loutfy

Margolese

Money

et al. 2012

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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“…Furthermore, a significant amount of quality-control measures should be demonstrated when superinfection is reported. The potential of reporting a false case of superinfection is highlighted by the first reported case of superinfection in humans [27], which was reported in 2000 and was later proved to be the result of a contamination error [27,28]. However, substantial circumstantial evidence remains that indicates that superinfection does occur, and this evidence will be discussed here.…”

Section: What Is Superinfection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Superinfection

2005

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Worldwide, 16 cases of HIV-1 superinfection in humans have been reported since 2002. Superinfection is defined as the reinfection of an individual who already has an established infection with a heterologous HIV strain. Controversy exists surrounding superinfection, because it has implications concerning our understanding of worldwide HIV diversity, individual immunity and disease progression, and vaccine development. Here, we review the current understanding of HIV superinfection.

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“…Substance use appears to be highly prevalent among HIV-positive youths (Murphy, Durako, Muenz, & Dodgin, 2001; Rotheram-Borus et al, 1997). Risky sexual behaviors can have deleterious effects on the individual health of HIV-positive youths related to sexually transmitted infections (Hook, 1995) and the potential reinfection with different or drug resistant strains of HIV (Angel et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transtheoretical model and condom use in HIV-positive youths.

Naar‐King¹,

Wright²,

Parsons³

et al. 2006

Health Psychology

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The purpose of the study is to test constructs of the Transtheoretical Model for predicting unprotected intercourse in HIV-positive youths (ages 16-25 years). Questionnaires and interviews about sexual behavior, stage of change, self-efficacy, substance use, emotional distress, and social support were obtained from 60 HIV-positive youths. Path analysis, with standard errors determined by methods appropriate to small samples, suggested that self-efficacy completely mediated the relationship between stage of change and unprotected intercourse acts. Social support specific to reducing risk was associated with increased self-efficacy. Emotional distress and low general social support were not associated with decreased condom use. The path between substance use and decreased condom use approached significance. Results highlight the potential of prevention interventions that simultaneously boost self-efficacy and social support specific to practicing safer sex as well as those that reduce substance use.

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Virological evaluation of the ‘Ottawa case’ indicates no evidence for HIV-1 superinfection

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Canadian HIV Pregnancy Planning Guidelines

Canadian HIV Pregnancy Planning Guidelines

HIV Superinfection

Transtheoretical model and condom use in HIV-positive youths.

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