Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019

Oh, Djin-Ye; Biere, Barbara; Grenz, Markus; Wolff, Thorsten; Schweiger, Brunhilde; Dürrwald, Ralf; Reiche, Janine

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9071508

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…The results of present study revealed there are significant differences between the age groups and the percentage of HPIV2 positive patients with highest value was (2.00%) of (Less Than 7 Years) . the lowest one was (0%) at age group of (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). While in another study ; Depending on the age group, the prevalence of HPIV types showed significant differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Epidemiological and Molecular Study of Influenza and Parainfluenza Viruses of Respiratory System Infections in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

2022

pnr

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The current study is targeted for detection of the some important respiratory pathogen viruses which responsible for respiratory tract infections, Influenza A virus ( IAV ) and human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are considered of the causes of respiratory diseases . The current study included the examination of 150 nasal swab samples from the age of one year to the age of 70 years. The collected specimens were kept in viral transport media (VTM). RNA were extracted .The results revealed from this study are summarized in the follows : out of 150 patients suffering from respiratory tract infection only 20(13.3%) were encountered with the H1N1 virus ,23(15.3%) were HPIV1 virus , 11(7.30%) were HPIV2 ,21(14.0%) were HPIV3 .Co-infection of number of viruses appeared in 33(22.0%) patient. The sample are categorized into sex groups were H1N1viruses male 12(8.00%) higher than female 8(5.30%). HPIV1 male 13(8.70%) higher than female 10(6.70%),HPIV2 female 6(4.00%) higher male 5(3.30%), HPIV3 male 11(7.30%) higher female 10(6.70%).The distribution of H1N1virus based on age groups ,and it represents the highest percentage were 4(2.70%) less than 7 years, 3(2.00%) (57-63)years and 4(2.70%)(64-70)years .The distribution of HPIV1,2,3 based on age group , and represents the highest percentage were HPIV1 , 5(3.30%) less than 7 years,4(2.70%)(57-63)years and 5(3.30%)(64-70) years ,HPIV2, 3(2.00%)( less than 7 years) ,HPIV3 ,4(2.70%)(57-63)years ,4(2.70%)(64-70)years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Epidemiological and Molecular Study of Influenza and Parainfluenza Viruses of Respiratory System Infections in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

2022

pnr

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“…The three examples of respiroviruses with well-studied within-species genetic diversity are HPIV-1, HPIV-3 and BPIV-3. In HPIV-1, three clades (1, 2 and 3) were proposed based on the HN gene [ 10 ]. The mean within-clade p -distance was determined to be 0.0022 to 0.0109, and the between-clade p -distance was between 0.0192 and 0.0368 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HPIV-1, three clades (1, 2 and 3) were proposed based on the HN gene [ 10 ]. The mean within-clade p -distance was determined to be 0.0022 to 0.0109, and the between-clade p -distance was between 0.0192 and 0.0368 [ 10 ]. In HPIV-3, six clusters (A, B, C1, C2, C3 and C5) were defined, with the mean within-cluster p -distance ranging from 0.0066 to 0.0325, and a between-cluster p -distance between 0.0262 and 0.0665 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean within-clade p -distance was determined to be 0.0022 to 0.0109, and the between-clade p -distance was between 0.0192 and 0.0368 [ 10 ]. In HPIV-3, six clusters (A, B, C1, C2, C3 and C5) were defined, with the mean within-cluster p -distance ranging from 0.0066 to 0.0325, and a between-cluster p -distance between 0.0262 and 0.0665 [ 10 ]. BPIV-3, apparently being more genetically diverse than the two aforementioned species, is classified in three genotypes—A, B and C—with about 81–82% identity for the F-gene sequences between them [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages

Stadejek

Cybulski²,

Gauger

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently emerged respirovirus closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SenV). PPIV-1 has been detected in Asia, the Americas and Europe, but knowledge on its epidemiology and genetic diversity is very limited. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of the fusion (F)-protein gene obtained from samples from 12 Polish and 11 US herds were analysed and compared to previously available genetic data from the Americas, Asia and Europe. The existence of two distinct clades was observed, grouping European sequences and one Hong Kong sequence (clade 1), or one American sequence and three Asian sequences (clade 2). The mean genetic distances measured with the p-distance were 0.04 (S.E., 0.000) within both clades, and 0.095 (S.E., 0.006) between the clades. Moreover, two distinct clusters of highly similar sequences were identified, which corresponded to the geographically distant nurseries and finishing units, from three pig flows within one Polish pig-production company. The obtained data indicate that the two PPIV-1 lineages may have evolved independently in Europe and America. More studies, particularly involving Asian viruses, are necessary to understand the virus’ emergence and epidemiology and the role of carriers in the spread of PPIV-1.

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“…Five hPIV 3-positive samples were randomly selected each year from 2016 and 2021 for ampli cation using the primers HPIV3-Seq_6714_s (5 -AAAGTTACGCAATCCAACTC-3 ), HPIV3_Seq_7400_as (5 -GAGGTATAAGCATAAATCAGA-3 ), HPIV3_Seq_7257_s (5 -CACGTCTGGTCTTCCATCT-3 ), HPIV3_Seq_7929_as (5 -AACAATGATGGAGTTGACCAT-3 ), HPIV3_Seq_7785_s (5 -TGGGTATGGAGGTCTTGAAC-3 ), and HPIV2_Seq_8577_as (5 -TGTCTATTGTCTGATTGCTGATTA-3 ) to generate a 1719-base pair fragment containing the full region of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene [9]. The amplicons were puri ed using a QIA PCR puri cation kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and sequenced using appropriate primers [10] in both directions on an ABI-3100 Prism Genetic Analyzer using the BigDye Terminator version 3.1 sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Sequencing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent increase in the detection of human parainfluenza virus during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in the Republic of Korea

Kim

Rhee

Lee

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases, particularly, the flu epidemic, has considerably decreased. The low detection rate and decreased number of specimens have hindered the implementation of the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System (KINRESS), a sentinel surveillance system. Most patients with influenza-like illness visit the COVID-19 screening clinic; therefore, the number of samples collected in sentinel surveillance has decreased by more than 50%. Thus, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency supplemented sentinel surveillance with non-sentinel surveillance by private medical diagnostic centers. We report here a delayed and unprecedented high detection of human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) in the Republic of Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic through sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance. We also examined the causes and implications of the changes in prevalence of hPIV.Methods: We collected data for 56,984 and 257,217 samples obtained through sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance, respectively. Eight viruses were confirmed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR. Some specimens from the sentinel surveillance were used for genetic characterization of hPIV type 3.Results: In 2020, hPIV was rarely detected; however, it was detected in August 2021. The detection rate continued to increase considerably in September and reached over 70% in October, 2021. The detection rate of hPIV3 was significantly higher in infants and preschoolers aged 0–6 years in both sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance. Detection of hPIV was delayed in metropolitan areas compared to that in suburban regions. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase sequences of hPIV3 generated in 2021 were not distinct from those detected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The operation of non-sentinel and sentinel surveillance to monitor respiratory viruses could sensitively detect an unprecedented revival of hPIV in the Republic of Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019

Cited by 10 publications

References 80 publications

Epidemiological and Molecular Study of Influenza and Parainfluenza Viruses of Respiratory System Infections in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

Epidemiological and Molecular Study of Influenza and Parainfluenza Viruses of Respiratory System Infections in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages

Recent increase in the detection of human parainfluenza virus during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in the Republic of Korea

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