Virology, Pathology, and Clinical Manifestations of West Nile Virus Disease

Hayes, Edward B.; Sejvar, James J.; Zaki, Sherif R.; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Bode, Amy V.; Campbell, Grant L.

doi:10.3201/eid1108.050289b

Cited by 411 publications

(341 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

316

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Interferon alpha, ribavirin, and WNV-specific immunoglobulins from previously infected patients have also been proposed as antiviral treatments. 56,57 Several human vaccines are available for infections by related viruses like YFV, JEV and tick-borne encephalitis virus, which employ the high antigenicity of their prM and E proteins. 24 Therefore, the prM and E proteins of the YFV vaccine strain were replaced with the WNV prM and E proteins in chimeric viruses, which have shown promise for vaccine development.…”

Section: Antiviral Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of New Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of the West Nile Virus NS2B–NS3 Protease

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A series of new substrate analogue inhibitors of the WNV NS2B–NS3 protease containing decarboxylated arginine mimetics at the P1 position was developed. Among the various analogues, trans‐(4‐guanidino)cyclohexylmethylamide (GCMA) was identified as the most suitable P1 residue. In combination with dichloro‐substituted phenylacetyl groups at the P4 position, three inhibitors with inhibition constants of <0.2 μM were obtained. These GCMA inhibitors have a better selectivity profile than the previously described agmatine analogues, and possess negligible affinity for the trypsin‐like serine proteases thrombin, factor Xa, and matriptase. A crystal structure in complex with the WNV protease was determined for one of the most potent inhibitors, 3,4‐dichlorophenylacetyl‐Lys‐Lys‐GCMA (Ki=0.13 μM). The inhibitor adopts a horseshoe‐like conformation, most likely due to a hydrophobic contact between the P4 phenyl ring and the P1 cyclohexyl group, which is further stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the P1 guanidino group and the P4 carbonyl oxygen atom. These inhibitors are stable, readily accessible, and have a noncovalent binding mode. Therefore, they may serve as suitable lead structures for further development.

show abstract

Section: Antiviral Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of New Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of the West Nile Virus NS2B–NS3 Protease

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Between 1999 and 2004, more than 16,000 cases of WNV infection were reported in the United States, with more than 7,000 cases of neuroinvasive disease (161). During 2006, 3,830 infections were identified: 35% had neuroinvasive manifestations, and 3% resulted in death (68).…”

Section: Infections Caused By West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY In recent years, the increasing number of donors from different regions of the world is providing a new challenge for the management and selection of suitable donors. This is a worldwide problem in most countries with transplantation programs, especially due to the increase in immigration and international travel. This paper elaborates recommendations regarding the selection criteria for donors from foreign countries who could potentially transmit tropical or geographically restricted infections to solid-organ transplant recipients. For this purpose, an extensive review of the medical literature focusing on viral, fungal, and parasitic infections that could be transmitted during transplantation from donors who have lived or traveled in countries where these infections are endemic has been performed, with special emphasis on tropical and imported infections. The review also includes cases described in the literature as well as risks of transmission during transplantation, microbiological tests available, and recommendations for each infection. A table listing different infectious agents with their geographic distributions and specific recommendations is included.

show abstract

“…3 is a mosquito-transmitted, positive-stranded RNA virus grouped within the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) serocomplex of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. The WNV is the causative agent of the disease syndrome named West Nile Fever, including a spectrum of associated complications (meningo-encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis) (1). This is a re-emerging mosquitoborne disease that is responsible for recent large outbreaks in the Western hemisphere.…”

Section: Immunization Of Flavivirus West Nile Recombinant Envelope Domentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization of Flavivirus West Nile Recombinant Envelope Domain III Protein Induced Specific Immune Response and Protection against West Nile Virus Infection

Chu

Chiang

2007

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The domain III of the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope glycoprotein (E) was shown to serve as virus attachment domain to the cellular receptor, and neutralizing Abs have been mapped to this specific domain. In this study, domain III of the WNV E protein (WNV E DIII) was expressed as a recombinant protein and its potential as a subunit vaccine candidate was evaluated in BALB/C mice. Immunization of WNV E DIII protein with oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-DNA) adjuvant by i.p. injection was conducted over a period of 3 wk. The immunized mice generated high titer of WNV-neutralizing Abs. Murine Ab against WNV E DIII protein was also capable of neutralizing Japanese encephalitis virus. The IgG isotypes generated were predominantly IgG2a in the murine sera against the recombinant protein. Splenocyte cultures from the mice coadministrated with WNV E DIII protein and CpG secreted large amounts of IFN-γ and IL-2 and showed proliferation of T cells in the presence of WNV E DIII protein. Overall, this study highlighted that recombinant WNV E DIII protein delivered in combination with CpG adjuvant to mice generated a Th1 immune response type against WNV and can serve as a potential vaccine to prevent WNV infection.

show abstract

Virology, Pathology, and Clinical Manifestations of West Nile Virus Disease

Abstract: Virologic characteristics of WNV likely interact with host factors in the pathogenesis of fever, meningitis, encephalitis, and flaccid paralysis.

Cited by 411 publications

References 46 publications

Development and Characterization of New Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of the West Nile Virus NS2B–NS3 Protease

Development and Characterization of New Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of the West Nile Virus NS2B–NS3 Protease

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

Immunization of Flavivirus West Nile Recombinant Envelope Domain III Protein Induced Specific Immune Response and Protection against West Nile Virus Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About