Virtual environments to study emotional responses to clinical communication: A scoping review

Sanders, Justin; Caponigro, Emma; Ericson, Jonathan D.; Dubey, Manisha; Duane, Ja-Nae; Orr, Scott P.; Pirl, William F.; Tulsky, James A.; Blanch‐Hartigan, Danielle

doi:10.1016/j.pec.2021.04.022

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Online virtual worlds (VW) (such as Second Life, Altspace, Rec Room, Google Earth VR) are rapidly becoming part of everyday life for children and adults (in 2020 Roblox had 150 million active users), and VWs have been used to improve patient-centered communication skills and student teamworking ( Mitchell et al, 2011 ; Wu et al, 2019 ). A scoping review of virtual environments (VE) for clinical communication skills ( Sanders et al, 2021 ) suggests multiple uses for enhancing clinician’s communication and empathy skills, as well as utility for communication research purposes. Evidence on effective doctor-patient communication has been applied as principles to robot-patient communication ( Broadbent et al, 2018 ) and empathy display/facial expression ( Milcent et al, 2021 ; Kovalchuk et al, 2022 ), to increase human engagement and attention in research contexts ( Johanson et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…← Virtual worlds (VW) for communication and teamworking skills development (Mitchell et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2019) ← VR environments for communication skills and research (Sanders et al, 2021) ← Robot facial expression research (Broadbent et al, 2018;Milcent et al, 2021;Kovalchuk et al, 2022), human engagement and attention in research contexts (Johanson et al, 2019) Therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance (5 articles)…”

Section: Empathetic Awareness (15 Articles)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

et al. 2023

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BackgroundAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, together with the availability of big data in society, creates uncertainties about how these developments will affect healthcare systems worldwide. Compassion is essential for high-quality healthcare and research shows how prosocial caring behaviors benefit human health and societies. However, the possible association between AI technologies and compassion is under conceptualized and underexplored.ObjectivesThe aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive depth and a balanced perspective of the emerging topic of AI technologies and compassion, to inform future research and practice. The review questions were: How is compassion discussed in relation to AI technologies in healthcare? How are AI technologies being used to enhance compassion in healthcare? What are the gaps in current knowledge and unexplored potential? What are the key areas where AI technologies could support compassion in healthcare?Materials and methodsA systematic scoping review following five steps of Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Presentation of the scoping review conforms with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Eligibility criteria were defined according to 3 concept constructs (AI technologies, compassion, healthcare) developed from the literature and informed by medical subject headings (MeSH) and key words for the electronic searches. Sources of evidence were Web of Science and PubMed databases, articles published in English language 2011–2022. Articles were screened by title/abstract using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data extracted (author, date of publication, type of article, aim/context of healthcare, key relevant findings, country) was charted using data tables. Thematic analysis used an inductive-deductive approach to generate code categories from the review questions and the data. A multidisciplinary team assessed themes for resonance and relevance to research and practice.ResultsSearches identified 3,124 articles. A total of 197 were included after screening. The number of articles has increased over 10 years (2011, n = 1 to 2021, n = 47 and from Jan–Aug 2022 n = 35 articles). Overarching themes related to the review questions were: (1) Developments and debates (7 themes) Concerns about AI ethics, healthcare jobs, and loss of empathy; Human-centered design of AI technologies for healthcare; Optimistic speculation AI technologies will address care gaps; Interrogation of what it means to be human and to care; Recognition of future potential for patient monitoring, virtual proximity, and access to healthcare; Calls for curricula development and healthcare professional education; Implementation of AI applications to enhance health and wellbeing of the healthcare workforce. (2) How AI technologies enhance compassion (10 themes) Empathetic awareness; Empathetic response and relational behavior; Communication skills; Health coaching; Therapeutic interventions; Moral development learning; Clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; Healthcare quality assessment; Therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; Providing health information and advice. (3) Gaps in knowledge (4 themes) Educational effectiveness of AI-assisted learning; Patient diversity and AI technologies; Implementation of AI technologies in education and practice settings; Safety and clinical effectiveness of AI technologies. (4) Key areas for development (3 themes) Enriching education, learning and clinical practice; Extending healing spaces; Enhancing healing relationships.ConclusionThere is an association between AI technologies and compassion in healthcare and interest in this association has grown internationally over the last decade. In a range of healthcare contexts, AI technologies are being used to enhance empathetic awareness; empathetic response and relational behavior; communication skills; health coaching; therapeutic interventions; moral development learning; clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; healthcare quality assessment; therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; and to provide health information and advice. The findings inform a reconceptualization of compassion as a human-AI system of intelligent caring comprising six elements: (1) Awareness of suffering (e.g., pain, distress, risk, disadvantage); (2) Understanding the suffering (significance, context, rights, responsibilities etc.); (3) Connecting with the suffering (e.g., verbal, physical, signs and symbols); (4) Making a judgment about the suffering (the need to act); (5) Responding with an intention to alleviate the suffering; (6) Attention to the effect and outcomes of the response. These elements can operate at an individual (human or machine) and collective systems level (healthcare organizations or systems) as a cyclical system to alleviate different types of suffering. New and novel approaches to human-AI intelligent caring could enrich education, learning, and clinical practice; extend healing spaces; and enhance healing relationships.ImplicationsIn a complex adaptive system such as healthcare, human-AI intelligent caring will need to be implemented, not as an ideology, but through strategic choices, incentives, regulation, professional education, and training, as well as through joined up thinking about human-AI intelligent caring. Research funders can encourage research and development into the topic of AI technologies and compassion as a system of human-AI intelligent caring. Educators, technologists, and health professionals can inform themselves about the system of human-AI intelligent caring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empathetic Awareness (15 Articles)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

et al. 2023

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“…Each synopsis also integrated a patient‐centered approach, which was considered pertinent for recognizing and responding to emotion, building relationships, and sharing information with an edentulous patient. Interactive formats implicating virtual patients seem well adapted for communication skills learning, 27 especially for patients with specific health needs including chronic disease patients, frail elders, and disabled patients. Moreover, this educational approach is consistent with the fact that teaching dentist‐patient communication with edentulous patients as part of the undergraduate curriculum may improve the patients’ satisfaction with dentures 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of game‐based training in oral rehabilitation of edentulous patients in an undergraduate dental course

Tuil

Lescaille

Jordan

et al. 2022

Journal of Dental Education

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Background Coronavirus disease‐19 dramatically changed the learning conditions of dental students, with restricted access to training sessions and clinical practice. The “Playdent” project proposed the integration of serious games (SGs) in the third‐year curriculum, based on tailor‐made scenarios questioning the first dental visit of edentulous patients, and examined whether training with the games would advance students’ learning outcomes. Materials and methods Test scores of 89 students, allocated either to a “test” group that accessed SGs during a 4‐week test period in addition to conventional lectures or to a “control” group that benefited solely from conventional lectures, were measured before and immediately after the test period. The subsequent satisfaction of students was assessed in the “test” group. Results Scores obtained after the 4‐week period significantly increased within the “test” group (11.1% ± 24.9%, p = 0.04, degree of freedom [df] = 30) while they did not change within the “control” group (p = 0.21, df = 57). Qualitative feedback expressed by students who played SGs during the 4‐week period demonstrated that 71% of them rated the SGs as satisfactory and 91% of them judged the consistency of SGs content with lectures to be satisfactory. Conclusion Game‐based learning showed a positive impact on the learning outcomes of third‐year students. Qualitative assessments provide insights into the pertinence of SGs offered in addition to traditional lectures of third‐year complete denture courses. SGs may consolidate skills in oral rehabilitation acquired through traditional passive learning formats proposed in preclinical courses.

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“…As IT identity is a typical hedonic participation motivation (Stocchi et al, 2018), there are difficulties in directly evoking consumers' strong negative emotional expressions by spreading negative WOM. After all, switching between emotional valences involves more complex state mechanisms (Sanders et al, 2021).…”

Section: Key Findings and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of IT identity on consumer negatively-valenced engagement in mobile medical consultation: from consumer experience perspective

Zhang

2022

IMDS

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PurposeThe mobile medical consultation (MMC) service is growing rapidly, but not all consumers are always willing to actively engage with it. To address this issue, based on IT identity theory, this study explores the underlying mechanism of how two types of platform-related consumer experience influence MMC platform identity, in turn, result in consumer negatively-valenced engagement in MMC.Design/methodology/approachThe data was collected from 400 consumers with the experience of MMC and analyzed by the partial least square (PLS) method.FindingsThe findings unfold that these two distinct consumer experience, servicescape experience (i.e. perceived telepresence and perceived platform surveillance) and service search experience (i.e. perceived diagnosticity and perceived serendipity), are associated with MMC platform identity and consumer negatively valenced engagement with MMC.Originality/valueResearch on consumer negatively-valenced engagement in the field of MMC is still in a nascent stage. The study identifies consumer experience in accordance with the unique context of the MMC platform and fills the research gap on the role of IT identity in consumer negatively valenced engagement.

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Virtual environments to study emotional responses to clinical communication: A scoping review

Cited by 10 publications

References 83 publications

Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review

Implementation of game‐based training in oral rehabilitation of edentulous patients in an undergraduate dental course

Impact of IT identity on consumer negatively-valenced engagement in mobile medical consultation: from consumer experience perspective

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