Virtual generator‐based damping controller for microgrids with low inertia resources based on energy storage systems

Abstract

Summary In this paper, an adaptive concept of virtual generator (VG)‐based controller is presented for dynamic stability of stochastically‐modeled microgrids consisting of low inertia resources. For this purpose, considering a set of energy storage systems (ESSs) dispatched in the network, a controlled islanding scheme (CIS) is provided to dynamically control the microgrid frequency. In this context, based on the concept of center of inertia (COI), the proposed VG scheme is developed through mathematical formulation. Inter‐area torques evaluated by microgrid control areas in the COI frame are used as input signals of the developed VG‐based controller. Also, for the ESSs, an equivalent dispatch model is provided and developed through the microgrid dynamic model for improving frequency stability during inter‐area oscillations. The proposed VG‐based controller is an online and non‐model‐based scheme which controls several microgrid systems together as an integrated network connected to the upstream network. In order to evaluate the ability of the proposed scheme, real‐time simulations are carried out on two different test systems consisting of several microgrids. The system dynamic performances are evaluated in time‐domain simulations. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in increasing system inertia constant resulting in a proper dynamic performance with a high damping ratio in facing severe inter‐area oscillations.

Online evaluation of the distribution system resiliency criteria using Choquet‐based graph technique

“…weather storm) as the generation resources to supply critical loads have been investigated in [19]. In [20] and [21], the system independent communication necessities to enhance the system resiliency criteria have been presented considering the microgrid damage levels after natural hurricanes events. By considering the literature review, it could be deduced that in order to provide smart grid technologies through PDS networks, the system resiliency criteria are highly depended on the restorative operations to provide secure operations.…”

“…weather storm) as the generation resources to supply critical loads have been investigated in [19]. In [20] and [21], the system independent communication necessities to enhance the system resiliency criteria have been presented considering the microgrid damage levels after natural hurricanes events.…”

Adaptive WADC scheme for damping inter‐area oscillation based on Jaya optimization algorithm in the presence of variable time latencies from WAMS data

“…It is an online, simple, and user‐friendly algorithm which do not require conventional optimization parameters as total inner and outer iterations. Owing to the presented advantages of the proposed JOA algorithm, it is widely used on different online problems within recently engineering optimization subjects 33‐35 . In this case, considering D numbers of system variables and N numbers of JOA possible answers, the corresponding population size is provided as ( D × N ) which is used randomly through each optimization iteration.…”

“…Owing to the presented advantages of the proposed JOA algorithm, it is widely used on different online problems within recently engineering optimization subjects. [33][34][35] In this case, considering D numbers of system variables and N numbers of JOA possible answers, the corresponding population size is provided as (D Â N) which is used randomly through each optimization iteration. Through optimization procedure, at kth iteration, the worst solution x k worst and the best solution x k best are identified.…”