Virtual inertia emulation and RoCoF control of a microgrid with high renewable power penetration

Mandal, Rajasi; Chatterjee, Kalyan

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107093

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The RoCoF is controlled by active power output from inverter‐based energy storage system (ESS) present in a VIC. VIC feeds the extra power along with critical damping and inertia to improve steady‐state and transient frequency behaviour [25] of the LIMG. Figure 3 represents a conventional VIC consisting of inertia controller, inverter and ESS which regulates the power, that is, it may inject or absorb active power.…”

Section: Low Inertia Microgrid Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain gazelle optimisation‐based 3DOF‐FOPID‐virtual inertia controller for frequency control of low inertia microgrid

Santra,

2023

IET Energy Syst Integration

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The primary objective of the authors is to design a new robust and improved virtual inertia controller (VIC) for renewable energy dominated inverter interfaced low inertia microgrid (LIMG). Increasing penetration of inertia‐less renewable generation in microgrid leads to increased frequency deviation during and after a disturbance. To improve the frequency response of the LIMG, conventional VIC added with different second stage and third stage controllers are proposed in existing works. Higher degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) PID controller synchronised with fractional‐order (FO) operators are used with conventional VIC controllers. These controllers work in addition with conventional VIC and the multi‐stage controllers make the system more complex. To reduce the number of controller stages and, subsequently, reduce cost and complexity of the system, a single stage 3DOF‐FOPID controller is proposed to mitigate the frequency deviation after a disturbance in a LIMG. Performance of the proposed single stage controller is compared with that of the existing controllers to establish the advantages of the proposed controller. The parameters of the proposed 3DOF‐FOPID controller are optimised by Mountain Gazelle Optimsation. The robustness of this controller is also tested for random load fluctuation and renewable power variations in presence of system non‐linearities.

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Section: Low Inertia Microgrid Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain gazelle optimisation‐based 3DOF‐FOPID‐virtual inertia controller for frequency control of low inertia microgrid

Santra,

2023

IET Energy Syst Integration

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“…The lack of P MPP estimation results in catastrophic grid operation wherein f g spirals out of deadband [5]. Recent publications such as [59][60][61][62] used another variant of swing equation i.e.,…”

Section: Droop Control and Inertia Emulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial neural network assisted robust droop control of autonomous microgrid

Kanwal

Rauf

Khan

et al. 2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Electric grid is vulnerable to power imbalance and inertia is the grid's response to overcome such disturbance. Augmentation of power electronic converter based renewable energy technologies like Photovoltaic Generators (PVG) and batteries in utility grid significantly reduces inertia. Inertia degradation is indicated by sharp Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) events due to any grid component failure or imbalance. Fixed gain feedback Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control is insufficient to deal with varying ROCOF events. This work proposes Sliding Mode (SM) robust droop control scheme assisted by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm for an islanded PVG integrated microgrid. Droop response is governed by swing equation that uses PVG Maximum Power Point (MPP) forecasted by ANN. ANN forecast is compared with optimized Gaussian process regression algorithm based on mean squared error and speed of training as key performance indicator. The algorithms are trained and validated based on climate dataset of Islamabad, Pakistan. SM control performance is compared with various PID gain settings and qualified as the most suitable against variable source, load and ROCOF scenarios. Finally, significance of accurate MPP forecast for droop control is established by comparing the ANN and deterministic forecaster assisted droop response in a microgrid case study.

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“…In the previous research consisting of multi-sources generation, the effect of multiple nonlinearities is not considered. 13,14,20 However, the power system generation comprising of thermal and hydro units can change only at a pre-defined maximum rate. There are constraints on the rate of change of power generation which is known as GRC.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Proposed VI Emulation Control Under Nonlinear ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel integral controller is discussed in Abubakr et al 12 by utilizing Harris hawk optimization for emulating VI using plug-in electric vehicles as ESS. A coordinated control method using BESS has been proposed in Mandal and Chatterjee 13 and in this study genetic algorithm-based derivative-type VI emulation method is discussed after incorporating VI and damping using a lithium-ion battery as the energy storage device. Pradhan et al 14 proposed a new super capacitor-based control technique for a PV-based microgrid to improve frequency stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of fast responding ultracapacitor energy storage for virtual inertia emulation control

Mahajan

Verma

2022

Energy Storage

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This paper proposes a black widow optimization (BWO) algorithm‐based derivative‐type control for optimized virtual inertia (VI) emulation using fast responding ultracapacitor (UC) as energy storage system for frequency regulation in a two‐area deregulated power system composed of thermal and hydro units with high penetration of solar photovoltaic. The parameters of the system have been controlled by using newly formulated BWO and their performance have been compared for virtual inertial emulation efficacy with other algorithms under different contract obligations. The impact of the coordinated action of BWO‐based proportional‐integral (PI) controller with VI emulation has been validated on the area frequency, tie‐line power, and generated power of different units. The eigenvalue approach has been applied to verify the performance and effect of VI emulation control using fast acting UC on system stability. The proposed VI emulation control studies have been evaluated under nonlinear environment of deregulated power system. The comparative studies show that BWO optimized PI‐based VI emulation using fast responding UC provides superior dynamic responsiveness in all competitive electricity market scenarios tested under different operating conditions.

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Virtual inertia emulation and RoCoF control of a microgrid with high renewable power penetration

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Mountain gazelle optimisation‐based 3DOF‐FOPID‐virtual inertia controller for frequency control of low inertia microgrid

Mountain gazelle optimisation‐based 3DOF‐FOPID‐virtual inertia controller for frequency control of low inertia microgrid

Artificial neural network assisted robust droop control of autonomous microgrid

Performance of fast responding ultracapacitor energy storage for virtual inertia emulation control

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