Virtual Inertia for Power Converter Control

Encarnação, Lucas Frizera; Souza, Sabrina de Angeli; Barros, Odair de; Broedel, Dayane Corneau; Rodrigues, Patrick Trivilin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813185-5.00010-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is common in VSG topologies to use a low-order model, as described in the literature. In this case, only the machine swing equation is employed to control the inverter synchronization, while an external loop regulates the output voltage [3,4]. This article proposes the development of a VSG using a third-order machine model, which includes the swing equation as a second-order differential equation, as well as a differential equation corresponding to the quadrature-axis transient voltage [21].…”

Section: The High-order Virtual Synchronous Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A GFM control based on the direct emulation of the synchronous machine model is called a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). This can be realized through the application of high-order models, including a model of the electromagnetic behavior of the machine windings, as well as through low-order models, which apply only the swing equation for synchronization control and an external loop for voltage control [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Armature Resistance-Based Control for Fault Current Limiting in a High-Order VSG and the Impact on Its Transient Stability

2023

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This article proposes a fault ride through (FRT) technique for a high-order virtual synchronous generator (VSG) that adjusts its virtual armature resistance. When a fault is detected by a dedicated algorithm, the proposed control adjusts the resistance parameter accordingly. The main contribution of this article is to adjust the virtual resistance directly in the machine model to limit the current during faults, unlike other techniques proposed in the literature that add another control loop to produce the virtual impedance effects. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control, a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation platform was adopted using a Typhoon HIL 402 device and a Texas Instruments F28379D digital controller. The results demonstrate that the control effectively limits the converter’s current while still contributing to raising the system’s critical clearing time (CCT) and improving transient stability. The proposed FRT strategy is validated in a three-phase fault scenario in which a 500 kVA–480 V converter’s peak fault current is reduced from 5 kA to 1.4 kA, depending on the resistance value adjusted. The transient stability is also analyzed in 30 different scenarios and the VSG support on the CCT is reduced by 23 ms on average. However, when compared to the baseline scenario without the VSG, the system still sees an increase in CCT with the current limiting control applied. Additionally, the control allows the VSG to smoothly transition to island mode in a scenario where the fault is cleared and the grid is disconnected by a protection system.

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Section: The High-order Virtual Synchronous Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Armature Resistance-Based Control for Fault Current Limiting in a High-Order VSG and the Impact on Its Transient Stability

2023

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“…As far as the adoption of control laws of converters is concerned, the aim is to study proper control laws that are able to mimic the inertial characteristics of the classical synchronous generators. The desired level of the power system inertia is related to the rate of change of frequency, and efforts have been devoted to compensating the loss of rotational inertia with virtual inertia, thus trying to realize the required power system inertia [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Estimation of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Regulation

et al. 2018

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An increasing share of renewable energy sources in power systems requires ad-hoc tools to guarantee the closeness of the system’s frequency to its rated value. At present, the use of new technologies, such as battery energy storage systems, is widely debated for its participation in the service of frequency containment. Since battery installation costs are still high, the estimation of their lifetime appears crucial in both the planning and operations of power systems’ regulation service. As the frequency response of batteries is strongly dependent on the stochastic nature of the various contingencies which can occur on power systems, the estimation of the battery lifetime is a very complex issue. In the present paper, the stochastic process which better represents the power system frequency is analyzed first; then the battery lifetime is properly estimated on the basis of realistic dynamic modeling including the state of the charge control strategy. The dynamic evolution of the state of charge is then used in combination with the celebrated rain-flow procedure with the aim of evaluating the number of charging/discharging cycles whose knowledge allows estimating the battery damage. Numerical simulations are carried out in the last part of the paper, highlighting the resulting lifetime probabilistic expectation and the impact of the state of the charge control strategy on the battery lifetime. The main findings of the present work are the proposed autoregressive model, which allows creating accurate pseudo-samples of frequency patterns and the analysis of the incidence of the control law on the battery lifetime. The numerical applications clearly show the prominent importance of this last aspect since it has an opposing impact on the economic issue by influencing the battery lifetime and technical effects by modifying the availability of the frequency regulation service.

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Enhanced Virtual Synchronous Generator with Harmonic Current Filtering Capability

Amorim

Carletti

2019

IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Virtual Inertia for Power Converter Control

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Virtual Armature Resistance-Based Control for Fault Current Limiting in a High-Order VSG and the Impact on Its Transient Stability

Virtual Armature Resistance-Based Control for Fault Current Limiting in a High-Order VSG and the Impact on Its Transient Stability

Life Cycle Estimation of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Regulation

Enhanced Virtual Synchronous Generator with Harmonic Current Filtering Capability

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