“…Network virtualization technologies have evolved from virtual LANS (VLANs), VPNS, active programming networks, and overlay networks to multiple network theories, which enable multiple and heterogeneous physical networks to provide flexible and scalable cloud computing services. Based on the concept of network virtualization and virtualization technologies, traffic loads and communication operations can be easily controlled and managed to better support on-demand parallel processing systems for big data applications, online gaming, high definition television (HDTV), and on-demand bandwidth, such as MapReduce [18,19]. Two virtual nodes from the same virtual network request can be mapped to two different physical nodes, while two virtual nodes from different virtual network requests can be mapped to the same physical node, and the main resources of the virtual node and virtual link request are CPU and bandwidth, respectively.…”