Virtual Outcrops in a Pocket: The Smartphone as a Fully Equipped Photogrammetric Data Acquisition Tool

Corradetti, Amerigo; Seers, Thomas; Billi, Andrea; Tavani, Stefano

doi:10.1130/gsatg506a.1

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The commonness of smartphones nowadays, together with advances in sensor technologies, opens new possibilities for scientific applications as well as low-cost, crowd-sourced observations in mapping surface changes and the participation of citizens in science 19 – 21 . SfM MVS smartphone photogrammetry takes advantage of the build in accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope and GNSS antennas for model scaling and registration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences

Luetzenburg

Kroon

Bjørk

2021

Sci Rep

150

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Traditionally, topographic surveying in earth sciences requires high financial investments, elaborate logistics, complicated training of staff and extensive data processing. Recently, off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors already reduced the costs for obtaining a high-resolution dataset of an Earth surface considerably. Nevertheless, costs and complexity associated with topographic surveying are still high. In 2020, Apple Inc. released the iPad Pro 2020 and the iPhone 12 Pro with novel build-in LiDAR sensors. Here we investigate the basic technical capabilities of the LiDAR sensors and we test the application at a coastal cliff in Denmark. The results are compared to state-of-the-art Structure from Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM MVS) point clouds. The LiDAR sensors create accurate high-resolution models of small objects with a side length > 10 cm with an absolute accuracy of ± 1 cm. 3D models with the dimensions of up to 130 × 15 × 10 m of a coastal cliff with an absolute accuracy of ± 10 cm are compiled. Overall, the versatility in handling outweighs the range limitations, making the Apple LiDAR devices cost-effective alternatives to established techniques in remote sensing with possible fields of application for a wide range of geo-scientific areas and teaching.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences

Luetzenburg

Kroon

Bjørk

2021

Sci Rep

150

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“…Howell & Burnham, 2021). The most significant advancement in recent years is related to more accessible and user-friendly workflows that generate high-resolution photorealistic 3D digital representations of outcrops and landscapes using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) (Nesbit et al, 2018) and smart phones (Corradetti et al, 2021). Cawood et al (2017) compare methods of digital outcrop model creation from lidar with ground based and UAV generated photogrammetry, contrasting the relative errors in bed geometry of a well exposed syncline.…”

Section: Digital and Virtual Outcropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcrop conservation: Promoting accessibility, inclusivity, and reproducibility through digital preservation

Burnham¹,

Bond²,

Flaig³

et al. 2022

TSR

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Outcrops are routinely used for research and education purposes, and are a key component of geoscientific training. Fundamentally, re-evaluation of outcrop observations and reproducibility of results is critical for scientific advancement. Accessibility to the field and outcrops, however, remain problematic for several technical and societal reasons. Advances in the application of digital outcrop models to geoscience research and training have seen a significant rise in recent years due to technological innovation and user-friendly workflows. Herein we discuss the necessity to digitally capture outcrops to preserve them and the natural landscapes that have shaped the Geosciences. Examples of outcrop re-evaluation that reflect sedimentological concept and technique advances, only possible with digital outcrops, is presented. Digitally preserved outcrops' role as milieus for increased accessibility, inclusivity, and scientific reproducibility is discussed. The time has never been more appropriate, and the tools never more accessible, to preserve outcrops and promote a more open and inclusive environment for geoscience research, education, and training.

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“…In recent years, geological surveying in the field has benefited from the new digital revolution, reaching a mature procedure that continuously improves in its efficiency [17][18][19]. The available technology allows for the easy acquisition of spatial data, using different methodological approaches and data sources at variable scales [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel-1 Interferometry and UAV Aerial Survey for Mapping Coseismic Ruptures: Mts. Sibillini vs. Mt. Etna Volcano

et al. 2023

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The survey and structural analysis of surface coseismic ruptures are essential tools for characterizing seismogenic structures. In this work, a procedure to survey coseismic ruptures using satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, directing the survey using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), is proposed together with a field validation of the results. The Sentinel-1 A/B Interferometric Wide (IW) Swath TOPSAR mode offers the possibility of acquiring images with a short revisit time. This huge amount of open data is extremely useful for geohazards monitoring, such as for earthquakes. Interferograms show the deformation field associated with earthquakes. Phase discontinuities appearing on wrapped interferograms or loss-of-coherence areas could represent small ground displacements associated with the fault’s ruptures. Low-altitude flight platforms such as UAV permit the acquisition of high resolution images and generate 3D spatial geolocalized clouds of data with centimeter-level accuracy. The generated topography maps and orthomosaic images are the direct products of this technology, allowing the possibility of analyzing geological structures from many viewpoints. We present two case studies. The first one is relative to the 2016 central Italian earthquakes, astride which the InSAR outcomes highlighted quite accurately the field displacement of extensional faults in the Mt. Vettore–M. Bove area. Here, the geological effect of the earthquake is represented by more than 35 km of ground ruptures with a complex pattern composed by subparallel and overlapping synthetic and antithetic fault splays. The second case is relative to the Mt. Etna earthquake of 26 December 2018, following which several ground ruptures were detected. The analysis of the unwrapped phase and the application of edge detector filtering and other discontinuity enhancers allowed the identification of a complex pattern of ground ruptures. In the Pennisi and Fiandaca areas different generation of ruptures can be distinguished, while previously unknown ruptures pertaining to the Acireale and Ragalna faults can be identify and analyzed.

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Virtual Outcrops in a Pocket: The Smartphone as a Fully Equipped Photogrammetric Data Acquisition Tool

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences

Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences

Outcrop conservation: Promoting accessibility, inclusivity, and reproducibility through digital preservation

Sentinel-1 Interferometry and UAV Aerial Survey for Mapping Coseismic Ruptures: Mts. Sibillini vs. Mt. Etna Volcano

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