Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: a case report

Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy supported by virtual reality in the treatment of body image in eating disorders: One year follow-up

“…Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are widely used as therapeutic tools in the field of neuropsychology (Rizzo et al, 1998) and also in the treatment of anxiety disorders: acrophobia (North and North, 1996), agoraphobia (North et al, 1997), spider phobia (Carlin et al, 1997), fear of public speaking (North et al, 1998), claustrophobia and eating disorders (Perpiñ á et al, 1999;Riva et al, 2002).…”

Appetitive and Aversive Taste Conditioning in a Computer Game Influences Real-World Decision Making and Subsequent Activation in Insular Cortex

“…There is evidence that it can be used to improve motor skills in clinical training (Park et al, 2007). It can also provide an environment in which to optimize stroke treatment and recovery (Krakauer, 2006), to provide controlled exposure therapy for treating fears of spiders (Carlin et al, 1997) and heights (Emmelkamp et al, 2002), and to resolve symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (Rothbaum et al, 2001;Pull, 2008). The latter, predominantly clinical, studies, suggest that virtual experience has some overlap with realworld experience but as yet there is no evidence of transfer of basic conditioned associations from one world to the other.…”

A comparative study of the sense of presence and anxiety in an invisible marker versus a marker augmented reality system for the treatment of phobia towards small animals

“…They are always frightened of seeing the animal they fear. Carlin, Hoffman & Weghorst (1997) used immersive VR for exposure therapy. The first experiment was carried out at the U.W.…”

“…A phobia towards small animals has traditionally been treated using exposure in vivo and also using virtual reality (VR) (e.g. Carlin, Hoffman & Weghorst, 1997). Recently, the used of AR was presented as an alternative technology for this type of treatment Botella et al, 2005).…”