Virtual Reality Experiments on Emotional Face Recognition Find No Evidence of Mood-Congruent Effects

Zhong, Lan; Wang, Yamin; Hong, Kan; Ding, Jieying

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00479

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Yet, these two experiments from Hartig et al (1999) attempted to induce mood with environmental manipulations (i.e., placing participants in urban or natural settings) that produced only minor (Experiment 1) or no differences (Experiment 3) in reported affect. In a similar vein, Zhong et al (2020) used virtual reality to construct pleasant or unpleasant (grisly) environments, which elicited slight shifts in valence ratings compared to neutral environments, but this induction method was also unable to produce subsequent MCM. The experiments from Liu et al (2008), Nielson and Lorber (2009), and Wang and Ren (2017) additionally failed to show MCM.…”

Section: Encoding-retrieval Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood-congruent memory revisited.

Faul¹,

LaBar²

2023

Psychological Review

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Affective experiences are commonly represented by either transient emotional reactions to discrete events or longer term, sustained mood states that are characterized by a more diffuse and global nature. While both have considerable influence in shaping memory, their interaction can produce mood-congruent memory (MCM), a psychological phenomenon where emotional memory is biased toward content affectively congruent with a past or current mood. The study of MCM has direct implications for understanding how memory biases form in daily life, as well as debilitating negative memory schemas that contribute to mood disorders such as depression. To elucidate the factors that influence the presence and strength of MCM, here we systematically review the literature for studies that assessed MCM by inducing mood in healthy participants. We observe that MCM is often reported as enhanced accuracy for previously encoded mood-congruent content or preferential recall for mood-congruent autobiographical events, but may also manifest as false memory for mood-congruent lures. We discuss the relevant conditions that shape these effects, as well as instances of mood-incongruent recall that facilitate mood repair. Further, we provide guiding methodological and theoretical considerations, emphasizing the limited neuroimaging research in this area and the need for a renewed focus on memory consolidation. Accordingly, we propose a theoretical framework for studying the neural basis of MCM based on the neurobiological underpinnings of mood and emotion. In doing so, we review evidence for associative network models of spreading activation, while also considering alternative models informed by the cognitive neuroscience literature of emotional memory bias.

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Section: Encoding-retrieval Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood-congruent memory revisited.

Faul¹,

LaBar²

2023

Psychological Review

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“…Research using implicit measures has shown that 3D VR has the potential to elicit emotions, opening new opportunities to the scientific community 36 . In addition, eye-tracking methodologies make it possible to observe in real time how an individual explores the scene presented 26 , 37 . Although this paper does not compare IVR with classical photo and video stimuli in facial emotion recognition, it is a truism that the use of dynamic avatars for emotion recognition tasks has become widespread in the last 20 years 38 – 41 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of the effect of age and gender on face scanning during affect recognition in immersive virtual reality

González-Gualda,

Vicente-Querol,

García

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A person with impaired emotion recognition is not able to correctly identify facial expressions represented by other individuals. The aim of the present study is to assess eyes gaze and facial emotion recognition in a healthy population using dynamic avatars in immersive virtual reality (IVR). For the first time, the viewing of each area of interest of the face in IVR is studied by gender and age. This work in healthy people is conducted to assess the future usefulness of IVR in patients with deficits in the recognition of facial expressions. Seventy-four healthy volunteers participated in the study. The materials used were a laptop computer, a game controller, and a head-mounted display. Dynamic virtual faces randomly representing the six basic emotions plus neutral expression were used as stimuli. After the virtual human represented an emotion, a response panel was displayed with the seven possible options. Besides storing the hits and misses, the software program internally divided the faces into different areas of interest (AOIs) and recorded how long participants looked at each AOI. As regards the overall accuracy of the participants’ responses, hits decreased from the youngest to the middle-aged and older adults. Also, all three groups spent the highest percentage of time looking at the eyes, but younger adults had the highest percentage. It is also noteworthy that attention to the face compared to the background decreased with age. Moreover, the hits between women and men were remarkably similar and, in fact, there were no statistically significant differences between them. In general, men paid more attention to the eyes than women, but women paid more attention to the forehead and mouth. In contrast to previous work, our study indicates that there are no differences between men and women in facial emotion recognition. Moreover, in line with previous work, the percentage of face viewing time for younger adults is higher than for older adults. However, contrary to earlier studies, older adults look more at the eyes than at the mouth.Consistent with other studies, the eyes are the AOI with the highest percentage of viewing time. For men the most viewed AOI is the eyes for all emotions in both hits and misses. Women look more at the eyes for all emotions, except for joy, fear, and anger on hits. On misses, they look more into the eyes for almost all emotions except surprise and fear.

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Virtual Reality Experiments on Emotional Face Recognition Find No Evidence of Mood-Congruent Effects

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Mood-congruent memory revisited.

Mood-congruent memory revisited.

An exploratory study of the effect of age and gender on face scanning during affect recognition in immersive virtual reality

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