Virtual Reality <i>vs</i> Dry Laboratory Models: Comparing Automated Performance Metrics and Cognitive Workload During Robotic Simulation Training

Cowan, Andrew; Chen, Jian; Mingo, Samuel; Reddy, Sharath; Ma, Runzhuo; Marshall, Sandra P.; Nguyen, Jessica; Hung, Andrew J.

doi:10.1089/end.2020.1037

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A total of seven comparative studies met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. 25,[48][49][50][51][52][53] These studies were published between 2016 and 2021 and included a total of 234 participants. The sample sizes ranged from 17 to 72, with a mean and median of 33.4 and 21, respectively.…”

Section: Summary Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six comparative studies 25,48,[50][51][52][53] demonstrated significantly higher objective technical scores for VR training when compared with conventional training. One study 49 showed a high correlation between VR and dry lab training performance outcomes. Students who used AR for repairing class I and class II cavity restoration were more accurate than those trained in a traditional setting.…”

Section: Did Xr Improve Technical Proficiency Of the Procedure?-yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Extended Reality Simulation Improve Surgical/Procedural Learning and Patient Outcomes When Compared With Standard Training Methods?

Woodall,

Chang,

Toy

et al. 2024

Sim Healthcare

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Introduction The use of extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, has increased within surgical and procedural training programs. Few studies have assessed experiential learning- and patient-based outcomes using XR compared with standard training methods. Methods As a working group for the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and a PICO strategy to perform a systematic review of 4238 articles to assess the effectiveness of XR technologies compared with standard training methods. Outcomes were grouped into knowledge, time-to-completion, technical proficiency, reactions, and patient outcomes. Because of study heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Results Thirty-two studies met eligibility criteria: 18 randomized controlled trials, 7 comparative studies, and 7 systematic reviews. Outcomes of most studies included Kirkpatrick levels of evidence I–III (reactions, knowledge, and behavior), while few reported level IV outcomes (patient). The overall risk of bias was low. With few exceptions, included studies showed XR technology to be more effective than standard training methods in improving objective skills and performance, shortening procedure time, and receiving more positive learner ratings. However, XR use did not show significant differences in gained knowledge. Conclusions Surgical or procedural XR training may improve technical skill development among trainees and is generally favored over standard training methods. However, there should be an additional focus on how skill development translates to clinically relevant outcomes. We recommend longitudinal studies to examine retention and transfer of training to clinical settings, methods to improve timely, adaptive feedback for deliberate practice, and cost analyses.

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Section: Summary Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Did Xr Improve Technical Proficiency Of the Procedure?-yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Extended Reality Simulation Improve Surgical/Procedural Learning and Patient Outcomes When Compared With Standard Training Methods?

Woodall,

Chang,

Toy

et al. 2024

Sim Healthcare

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With VR, simulation is moving beyond just basic isolated skills training to full procedural simulation. This has been demonstrated for RARP [23] with superior performance on a FFC being noted for trainees who underwent procedural training over those who only underwent basic VR training or no training at all. Similarly, a canine cadaver model [24] demonstrated face validity for procedural simulation of RARP, particularly for the nerve preservation, vesicourethral anastomosis and lymph node dissection steps.…”

Section: Laparoscopic and Robotic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 83%

Virtual reality vs. physical models in surgical skills training. An update of the evidence

Chahal,

Aydin,

Ahmed

2023

Current Opinion in Urology

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Purpose of review Simulation is a key component of surgical training, enabling trainees to develop their skills in a safe environment. With simulators broadly grouped into physical models and virtual-reality (VR) simulators, it is important to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the simulator types in terms of validity as well as cost. The review aims to compare the benefits and drawbacks of novel VR and physical simulators within the broader themes of endourology, laparoscopic and robotic operations, and other urological procedures. Recent findings Key benefits of bench models include their comparatively lower cost, easy access and provision of haptic feedback, whereas VR simulators are generally self-sufficient, reusable and enable skills of haemostasis to be practised. The advent of perfused 3D printed simulators across a range of urological procedures may replace cadavers as the traditional gold-standard simulation modality. Summary Although possessing differing strengths and downsides, VR and physical simulators when used together can have an additive effect due to skill transferability across the platforms. Further comparative studies are required to directly quantify the differences between physical models and VR simulators in terms of performance metrics and cost-effectiveness. There is lack of validated VR simulators for open and reconstructive procedures.

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“…Furthermore, OPIs need to be analyzed in different training contexts to understand transferability from virtual reality simulation, to tissue models, and finally to a clinical procedure. 16 If OPIs for a specific task such as exposure of the PA can be validated between various training contexts, then gating progress from simulation to tissue models to the operating room could done. Conversely, if a suboptimal OPI is observed during a task in a real case, deliberate practice could be prescribed on simulation or a model to improve that OPI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences Between Attending and Trainee Surgeon Performance Using Objective Performance Indicators During Robot-Assisted Lobectomy

Oh,

Brown,

Yousaf

et al. 2023

Innovations�(Phila)

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Objective: Existing approaches for assessing surgical performance are subjective and prone to bias. In contrast, utilizing digital kinematic and system data from the surgical robot allows the calculation of objective performance indicators (OPIs) that may differentiate technical skill and competency. This study compared OPIs of trainees and attending surgeons to assess differences during robotic lobectomy (RL). Methods: There were 50 cardiothoracic surgery residents and 7 attending surgeons who performed RL on a left upper lobectomy of an ex vivo perfused model. A novel recorder simultaneously captured video and data from the system and instruments. The lobectomy was annotated into discrete tasks, and OPIs were analyzed for both hands during 6 tasks: exposure of the superior pulmonary vein, upper division of the pulmonary artery and bronchus, and the stapling of these structures. Results: There were significant differences between attendings and trainees in all tasks. Among 20 OPIs during exposure tasks, significant differences were observed for the left hand in 31 of 60 (52%) of OPIs and for the right hand in 42 of 60 (70%). During stapling tasks, significant differences were observed for the stapling hand in 28 of 60 (47%) of OPIs and for the nonstapling hand in 14 of 60 (25%). Conclusions: Use of a novel data and video recorder to generate OPIs for both hands revealed significant differences in the operative gestures performed by trainees compared to attendings during RL. This method of assessing performance has potential for establishing objective competency benchmarks and use for tracking progress.

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Virtual Reality vs Dry Laboratory Models: Comparing Automated Performance Metrics and Cognitive Workload During Robotic Simulation Training

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Does Extended Reality Simulation Improve Surgical/Procedural Learning and Patient Outcomes When Compared With Standard Training Methods?

Does Extended Reality Simulation Improve Surgical/Procedural Learning and Patient Outcomes When Compared With Standard Training Methods?

Virtual reality vs. physical models in surgical skills training. An update of the evidence

Differences Between Attending and Trainee Surgeon Performance Using Objective Performance Indicators During Robot-Assisted Lobectomy

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