Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ): Motion sickness measurement index in a virtual reality environment

Kim, Hyun Koo; Park, Jaehyun; Choi, Yeongcheol; Choe, Mungyeong

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.016

Cited by 627 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Another limitation of the SSQ is the relevance of symptoms for HMD use. For example, the Virtual Reality Symptom Questionnaire (Ames et al, 2005), increased the focus on oculomotor symptoms, while Kim et al (2018) removed the symptom of nausea in the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire, due to not contributing to motion sickness compared with other symptoms, both of these studies were HMD specific. For a more detailed discussion of alternative measures see (Hale and Stanney, 2014).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cybersickness, originally used to describe side effects from use of virtual environments (McCauley and Sharkey, 1992), has often been mentioned in studies using a variety of technologies including flat screen displays and head-mounted displays (HMD) (Rebenitsch and Owen, 2016). The term VR sickness has typically been used in studies using HMDs (Cobb et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2018). Thus, diverse terminology is often used interchangeably across the virtual environments literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Saredakis

Szpak

Birckhead

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

447

261

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Saredakis

Szpak

Birckhead

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

447

261

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“…1). The exact definition of suitable in this context, in matters of realism, motion blur and sickness in IVE, is a separate topic beyond the scope of this paper, but interested readers are referred to Kim et al (2018) for further reading references.…”

Section: Immersive Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Hruby

2019

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

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In recent years, immersion has become a frequently emphasized factor in the geovisualization research agenda. A principal reason for this growing interest is the assumption that immersive virtual environments (IVE) facilitate the formation of spatial presence, generally understood as the sense of "being there". In a virtually mediated environment, the feeling of being there is of particular concern for cartographic ambitions, in terms of generating insights through geospatial representation. Current literature indicates that immersive VR systems stimulate the experience of spatial presence; however, this assumption is mainly based upon user studies in the visual communication channel. Moreover, research on IVE for geovisualization matters has to date been focused on visual-graphical rather than on auditive or even multisensory representations in virtual space. In this context, the present paper aims to evaluate the potential of audiovisual cartography with immersive virtual environments. Following a brief discussion of basic concepts, such as immersion, spatial presence and embodiment, we will integrate these aspects into a geovisualization immersion pipeline (GIP), as a framework with which to systematically link the technical and cognitive aspects of IVE. In the subsequent sections, we will examine this framework in the audio channel by analyzing how sound is implemented and perceived in GeoIVE. As we shall see, the positive effect of a combined audio-visual vs. exclusively visual presentation is supported by a series of user studies of sound effects, making audiovisual cartography with IVE a rich and worthwhile field of research. ZusammenfassungVirtuelle Realität (VR) und Immersion haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren auf der Forschungsagenda der Kartographie fest etabliert. Ein Hauptgrund dieses wachsenden Interesses ist die Annahme, dass immersive virtuelle Umgebungen räumliches Präsenzerleben induzieren, so dass sich Rezipient/inn/en in einer medialen Umgebung anwesend fühlen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten innerhalb derselben wahrnehmen. Für das grundsätzliche Ziel der Kartographie, raumbezogenes Wissen durch Repräsentationen zu vermitteln, ist das Phänomen räumlichen Präsenzerlebens von besonderem Interesse. Rezente Studien weisen zwar darauf hin, dass immersive VR-Systeme ein hohes Präsenzerleben erzeugen können, stützen sich dabei jedoch in erster Linie auf Untersuchungen des visuellen Kommunikationskanals. Ebenso hat sich die kartographische Erforschung immersiver Umgebungen bislang vor allem visuellen bzw. graphischen, weniger aber auditiven und multisensorischen Repräsentationsformen gewidmet. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht der vorliegende Text, das Potenzial einer audiovisuellen Kartographie in immersiven virtuellen Umgebungen zu bewerten. Der einleitenden Diskussion zentraler Termini (z.B. Immersion, räumliches Präsenzerleben, Embodiment) folgt eine Verknüpfung dieser Schlüsselbegriffe innerhalb einer kartographischen Immersionspipeline -eine Modellvorstellung, die technische und kognitive Aspekte imme...

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“…Side effects from virtual environment usage has been referred to by many terms including simulator sickness (Kennedy, Lane, Berbaum, & Lilienthal, 1993), cybersickness (LaViola, 2000) and VR sickness (Kim, Park, Choi, & Choe, 2018). The term simulator sickness originated from the early use of flight simulators in the military (Kennedy et al, 1993), and is still currently used in research using modern HMD technology (Tyrrell, Sarig-Bahat, Williams, Williams, & Treleaven, 2018;Ziegler, Roth, Knots, Kreuzer, & Mammen, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Saredakis¹,

Szpak²,

Birckhead³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The use of head-mounted displays (HMD) for virtual reality (VR) application-based purposes including therapy, rehabilitation, and training is increasing. Despite advancements in VR technologies, many users still experience sickness symptoms. VR sickness may be influenced by technological differences within HMDs such as resolution and refresh rate, however VR content also plays a significant role. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the literature on HMD’s that report Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores to determine the impact of content. User factors associated with VR sickness were also examined. A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-five articles met inclusion criteria, representing 3,016 participants (mean age range 19.5-80; 41% female). Findings show gaming content recorded the highest total SSQ mean 34.26 (95%CI 29.57-38.95). VR sickness profiles were also influenced by visual stimulation, locomotion and exposure times. Older samples (mean age ≥35 years) scored significantly lower total SSQ means than younger samples, however these findings are based on a small evidence base as a limited number of studies included older users. No sex differences were found. Across all types of content, the pooled total SSQ mean was relatively high 28.00 (95%CI 24.66-31.35) compared with recommended SSQ cut-off scores. These findings are of relevance for informing future research and the application of VR in different contexts.

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Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ): Motion sickness measurement index in a virtual reality environment

Cited by 627 publications

References 26 publications

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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