Virtual reconstruction of the Australopithecus africanus pelvis Sts 65 with implications for obstetrics and locomotion

Claxton, Alexander; Hammond, Ashley S.; Romano, Julia; Олейник, Е. С.; DeSilva, Jeremy M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.001

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Hypothesized birth mechanisms of A . africanus are similarly contentious based on varied pelvic reconstructions of Sts 14 [22, 23, 25, 30–32] and Sts 65 [33]. In A.L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing birth in Australopithecus sediba

2019

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Hominin birth mechanics have been examined and debated from limited and often fragmentary fossil pelvic material. Some have proposed that birth in the early hominin genus Australopithecus was relatively easy and ape-like, while others have argued for a more complex, human-like birth mechanism in australopiths. Still others have hypothesized a unique birth mechanism, with no known modern equivalent. Preliminary work on the pelvis of the recently discovered 1.98 million-year-old hominin Australopithecus sediba found it to possess a unique combination of Homo and Australopithecus-like features. Here, we create a composite pelvis of Australopithecus sediba to reconstruct the birth process in this early hominin. Consistent with other hominin species, including modern humans, the fetus would enter the pelvic inlet in a transverse direction. However, unlike in modern humans, the fetus would not need additional rotations to traverse the birth canal. Further fetal rotation is unnecessary even with a Homo-like pelvic midplane expansion, not seen in earlier hominin species. With a birth canal shape more closely associated with specimens from the genus Homo and a lack of cephalopelvic or shoulder constraints, we therefore find evidence to support the hypothesis that the pelvic morphology of Australopithecus sediba is a result of locomotor, rather than strictly obstetric constraints.

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“…Hypothesized birth mechanisms of A . africanus are similarly contentious based on varied pelvic reconstructions of Sts 14 [22, 23, 25, 30–32] and Sts 65 [33]. In A.L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In A.L. 288–1, Sts 14, and Sts 65, a transverse entry into the pelvic inlet illustrates a beginning to the modern human birth mechanism [33], while midplane and outlet rotations remain debatable [2, 3, 14, 15, 17, 22–25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing birth in Australopithecus sediba

2019

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“…Reconstruções de bacias de Australopithecus africanus utilizando-se de tomografia computadorizada, confirmaram que os ossos do pélvis apresentavam uma morfologia tipicamente bípede. Por outro lado, essa anatomia também mostrou um osso do íleo bastante largo, sugerindo assim uma variação na mecânica de caminhada dessa espécie em relação aos humanos modernos, que apresentam bacia mais estreita (Berges e Goularas, 2010; Claxton et al, 2016). A anatomia pós-craniana dos australopitecíneos também sugere algumas diferenças na mecânica de caminhada em relação aos humanos modernos.…”

Section: Teoria Da Evolução E Evolução Humanaunclassified

O Que nos Faz Humanos? Bases Empíricas e Evolutivas das Principais Transições da Linhagem Hominínia

Glória

2018

R. Fil. Mod. Contemp.

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A evolução da linhagem humana é um assunto de alta relevância para o entendimento da morfologia e do comportamento de humanos modernos. Todavia, no Brasil há pouca produção bibliográfica sobre o assunto e uma carência na formação de alunos versados sobre esse tópico. Em continuidade aos esforços feitos por pesquisadores como Paulo Abrantes, este texto trabalha com as principais transições na linhagem hominínia, do momento de seu aparecimento há cerca de sete milhões de anos na África até o surgimento do Homo sapiens há 200 mil anos. A evolução humana é organizada aqui em três grandes transições. A primeira delas foi o surgimento da bipedia e a diminuição dos caninos. A segunda foi o surgimento das ferramentas de pedra, a expansão do cérebro e a diminuição dental. E por fim, a terceira transição foi o surgimento do pensamento simbólico. Esses tópicos são abordados em uma perspectiva evolutiva, dando ênfase para as evidências empíricas mais atuais sobre o assunto. Por fim, assim como defendido por Paulo Abrantes, a evolução humana é um tópico relevante para se discutir o papel da biologia e da cultura em nossa espécie, sendo que ambas foram atuantes no processo evolutivo de formação da nossa espécie.

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“…This model of pelvic evolution in Homo is consistent with a prevailing view of the evolution of the pelvis in hominins involving two broad stages: the establishment of bipedal hominin pelvic architecture by the mid‐Pliocene (Lovejoy et al, ) or possibly even earlier (Lovejoy et al, ), followed by modification of pelvic architecture during the Pleistocene in response to changing obstetric demands related to encephalization in the genus Homo (Ruff, ; Lovejoy, ). Based on current evidence, the pelves of A. afarensis , A. africanus , and probably Paranthropus robustus are characterized by (among other traits: see Table ) laterally projecting iliac blades that lie predominantly in the coronal plane, straight or only slightly curved iliac crests, weakly developed and anteriorly positioned iliac pillars (acetabulocristal buttresses) that end in a weakly developed cristal tubercle, long and gracile acetabulosacral buttresses, small sacroiliac and coxal joint surfaces, and relatively long ischia with wide and shallow tuberoacetabular sulci (Lovejoy et al, ; Arsuaga, ; Berge and Kazmierczak, ; Gommery et al, ; Claxton et al, ). The morphology of the KNM‐ER 3228 os coxae, as well as that of some isolated femoral specimens (e.g., KNM‐ER 1472, 1475, and 1481), indicate that the H. erectus femoropelvic complex was established by 1.98 Ma (Rose, ; Joordens et al, ).…”

Section: The “Femoropelvic Complex” Of Homo Erectusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Morphology in Homo erectus and Early Homo

Churchill

VanSickle

2017

The Anatomical Record

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The evolution of the hominin pelvis is generally seen as involving two broad stages: the establishment of bipedal pelvic morphology by the mid-Pliocene (or earlier), followed by architectural changes necessary to enlarge the birth canal in response to increased encephalization in Pleistocene members of the genus Homo. Pelvic and proximal femoral morphology in early Homo (namely H. erectus) has been seen as transitional between these stages, reflecting structural changes necessitated by greater body size (and perhaps moderate increases in brain size) overlain upon a basically primitive pelvic architecture. Here we review the history of thought on the evolution of the pelvis in early Homo, as well as recent fossil discoveries that have improved our understanding of diversity in pelvic morphology in early Homo and late australopiths. These discoveries (1) suggest that the "femoropelvic complex" characteristic of H. erectus emerged after the divergence of various lineages of early Homo (that is, it is not plesiomorphic for the genus) and (2) raise questions about the role that evolutionary change in brain size in the genus Homo played in the emergence of derived features seen in the pelvis of modern humans. Anat Rec, 300:964-977, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Virtual reconstruction of the Australopithecus africanus pelvis Sts 65 with implications for obstetrics and locomotion

Cited by 37 publications

References 76 publications

Reconstructing birth in Australopithecus sediba

Reconstructing birth in Australopithecus sediba

O Que nos Faz Humanos? Bases Empíricas e Evolutivas das Principais Transições da Linhagem Hominínia

Pelvic Morphology in Homo erectus and Early Homo

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