Virtual Synchronous Generator Control of Full Converter Wind Turbines With Short-Term Energy Storage

Ma, Yiwei; Cao, Wenchao; Yang, Liu; Wang, Fei Fred; Tolbert, Leon M.

doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2694347

Cited by 181 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A comprehensive description of existing topologies for VISMA systems is presented in [15]. An improved dynamic response and dispatchable behavior of wind turbines are reported in [16]. This study presents a VISMA control method for the full converter wind turbine and assumes minute-level energy storage in the dc link as the energy buffer.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Modified Inertia Coefficient (H) due to ESS in Power System Frequency Response Analysis

et al. 2020

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The advantages of increased penetration of distributed generation are also accompanied by several challenges, low inertia being one of them, which threatens the grid stability. An emerging approach to confront this problem is the introduction of so-called virtual inertia (VI) provided by energy storage systems (ESS). In contrast to the already available literature which considers a conventional load frequency control (LFC) model, this work concentrates on a modified LFC model as the integration of a large portion of ESS changes the inertia constant (H) of a power system. A sensitivity function is derived that shows the effects of changes in H on the power system's frequency response. With the help of the developed mathematical model and simulation results, it is shown that a difference in the actual and calculated values of H can deteriorate the system performance and economy. As one of the reasons for this difference is improper modeling of ESS in the LFC model, therefore, the study signifies the accurate calculation of H in the power systems having enlarged penetration of ESS.

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Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Modified Inertia Coefficient (H) due to ESS in Power System Frequency Response Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…These low-inertia of DG units may experience severe voltage and/or frequency changes during abrupt disturbances. Although some of the research work is presented to increase the response time of the DG units by applying flywheel and/or mimicking synchronous generators [123][124][125][126][127][128][129], there are still opportunities for researchers to further examine the microgrid with improved inertia.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of AC Microgrid Controls with Inverter-Interfaced Generations

et al. 2017

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Distributed generation (DG) is one of the key components of the emerging microgrid concept that enables renewable energy integration in a distribution network. In DG unit operation, inverters play a vital role in interfacing energy sources with the grid utility. An effective interfacing can successfully be accomplished by operating inverters with effective control techniques. This paper reviews and categorises different control methods (voltage and primary) for improving microgrid power quality, stability and power sharing approaches. In addition, the specific characteristics of microgrids are summarised to distinguish from distribution network control. Moreover, various control approaches including inner-loop controls and primary controls are compared according to their relative advantages and disadvantages. Finally, future research trends for microgrid control are discussed pointing out the research opportunities. This review paper will be a good basis for researchers working in microgrids and for industry to implement the ongoing research improvement in real systems.

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“…The open-loop transfer function Φ sys (s) = −Φ LQG (s)Φ plant (s) will approximate the target transfer function Φ(s), where Φ LQG (s) and Φ plant (s) are transfer functions of controlled plant and LQG optimal controller. They can be calculated by Equations (14) and (15):…”

Section: Secondary Frequency Regulation Controller Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By simulating the swing equation and the excitation equation of the synchronous generator, the VSG converter calculates the control instructions of the ESSs' output voltage-including amplitude, frequency and phase-to participate in the frequency regulation. But most current research on VSG control only focuses on realizing the primary frequency or voltage regulation, i.e., the VSG adjusts its output to provide the power support in the independent MG's frequency or voltage regulation in real-time [12][13][14]. As we know, primary frequency control is a type of differential regulating method that cannot restore the frequency to the rated value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Frequency Stochastic Optimal Control in Independent Microgrids with Virtual Synchronous Generator-Controlled Energy Storage Systems

2018

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With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in microgrids (MGs), its stochastic fluctuation of output power has posed challenges to system safety and operation, especially frequency stability. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology, as one effective method, was used to smoothen frequency fluctuation and improve the system's dynamic performance, which can simulate the inertia and damping of the traditional synchronous generator. This study outlines the integration of VSG-controlled energy storage systems (ESSs) and traditional synchronous generators so they jointly participate in secondary frequency regulation in an independent MG. Firstly, a new uncertain state-space model for secondary frequency control is established, considering the measurement noises and modelling error. Then, an improved linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is designed based on stochastic optimal control theory, in which the dynamic performance index weighting matrices are optimized by combining loop transfer recovery (LTR) technology and the distribution estimation algorithm. On the issue of secondary frequency devices' output power allocation, the dynamic participation factors based on the ESS's current state of charge (SOC) are proposed to prevent the batteries' overcharging and overdischarging problems. The energy storage devices' service life can be prolonged and OPEX (operational expenditure) decreased. Multiple experimental scenarios with real parameters of MGs are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that, compared with the lead-compensated-proportional-integral-derivative (LC-PID) control and robust µ-control algorithms, the proposed stochastic optimal control method has a faster dynamic response and is more robust, and the fluctuations from renewable energy and power loads can be smoothened more effectively.

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Virtual Synchronous Generator Control of Full Converter Wind Turbines With Short-Term Energy Storage

Cited by 181 publications

References 41 publications

Modeling the Impact of Modified Inertia Coefficient (H) due to ESS in Power System Frequency Response Analysis

Modeling the Impact of Modified Inertia Coefficient (H) due to ESS in Power System Frequency Response Analysis

Overview of AC Microgrid Controls with Inverter-Interfaced Generations

Secondary Frequency Stochastic Optimal Control in Independent Microgrids with Virtual Synchronous Generator-Controlled Energy Storage Systems

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