“…For instance, Mathews and Wikle (2019) comprehensively explored the pedagogies for higher GIS education, for example, web-based learning. Some other exemplary studies include those related to the history of GIS education (Unwin et al, 2011), the role of GIS within higher education (Sinton, 2009), blended GIS learning strategy (Ooms et al, 2015), core competences for GIS learning (Schulze et al, 2013), interdisciplinary collaboration in GIS education (Kawabata et al, 2010), continuing education and certificate programs (Wikle, 1998), GIS learning and spatial thinking (Lee & Bednarz, 2009), critical GIS pedagogies (Elwood & Wilson, 2017), CyberGIS pedagogy (Ricker & Thatcher, 2017), WebGIS courses (Goldberg et al, 2021), model of GIS education based on inquiry-based learning (Jakab et al, 2017), and GIS learning with Communities of Practice (Tate & Jarvis, 2017).…”