Virtue Ethics and Professional Roles

Oakley, Justin; Cocking, Dean

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511487118

Cited by 302 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Finally, virtue (character) ethics is a perspective including core concepts such as arête, eudaimonia, and phronesis (see table 2) [21]. Here, moral decision makers are not merely disembodied rational agents; rather they are individuals, shaped through their own experiences, and the master narratives they embody set the boundaries for what kind of persons they are and how they should act [22].…”

Section: Moral Decision Making: Ethics Of Conduct Character and Dutymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antecedents and Consequences of Medical Students' Moral Decision Making during Professionalism Dilemmas

Monrouxe

Shaw

Rees

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Medical students often experience professionalism dilemmas (which differ from ethical dilemmas) wherein students sometimes witness and/or participate in patient safety, dignity, and consent lapses. When faced with such dilemmas, students make moral decisions. If students' action (or inaction) runs counter to their perceived moral values-often due to organizational constraints or power hierarchies-they can suffer moral distress, burnout, or a desire to leave the profession. If moral transgressions are rationalized as being for the greater good, moral distress can decrease as dilemmas are experienced more frequently (habituation); if no learner benefit is seen, distress can increase with greater exposure to dilemmas (disturbance). We suggest how medical educators can support students' understandings of ethical dilemmas and facilitate their habits of enacting professionalism: by modeling appropriate resistance behaviors. IntroductionFor many, medical school is a time of great stress. Indeed, a systematic review of research examining psychological distress in medical students suggests they suffer a high degree of depression and anxiety and greater psychological distress than the general population [1]. In this article, we consider medical students' distress, focusing on moral distress, i.e., emotional distress arising from the dissonance between one's ethical/moral beliefs and one's behavior, which occurs when one's actions are perceived as being limited by institutional constraints or unequal power relations [2][3][4]. By highlighting the concepts of professionalism dilemmas and moral decision making, we examine various types of dilemmas encountered by students, how they respond to those dilemmas, and any resultant moral distress they experience. Finally, we offer suggestions for how medical educators, working at the student, faculty, and organizational levels, can reduce or prevent students' professionalism lapses in the face of ethical dilemmas, thereby reducing their moral distress.

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Section: Moral Decision Making: Ethics Of Conduct Character and Dutymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antecedents and Consequences of Medical Students' Moral Decision Making during Professionalism Dilemmas

Monrouxe

Shaw

Rees

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

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“…The virtue of integrity also draws attention to the eternal human struggle for personal lives to be lived with honesty or, in the language of social psychologists examining climate change and pro-environmental behaviours, by closing the "value-action gap": we do not execute what we profess. Attention to such matters would, for example, draw upon ideas of professional and practice-centred virtue ethics [29].…”

Section: Virtuementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Virtue: An Apologetic

Hulme

2014

Humanities

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Abstract:The prominent Australian earth scientist, Tim Flannery, closes his recent book Here on Earth: A New Beginning with the words "… if we do not strive to love one another, and to love our planet as much as we love ourselves, then no further progress is possible here on Earth". This is a remarkable conclusion to his magisterial survey of the state of the planet. Climatic and other environmental changes are showing us not only the extent of human influence on the planet, but also the limits of programmatic management of this influence, whether through political, economic, technological or social engineering. A changing climate is a condition of modernity, but a condition which modernity seems uncomfortable with. Inspired by the recent "environmental turn" in the humanities-and calls from a range of environmental scholars and scientists such as Flannery-I wish to suggest a different, non-programmatic response to climate change: a reacquaintance with the ancient and religious ideas of virtue and its renaissance in the field of virtue ethics. Drawing upon work by Alasdair MacIntyre, Melissa Lane and Tom Wright, I outline an apologetic for why the cultivation of virtue is an appropriate response to the challenges of climate change.

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“…According to Oakley & Cocking (2001), RIs may be general in scope, or they may be specific to certain domains. A general RI produced from the four components listed earlier will govern the spiritual individual's life.…”

Section: Spirituality As a Regulative Idealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, specific RIs may also guide the activities of a spiritual individual in particular areas. Oakley & Cocking (2001) also note that since RIs operate as a background guide for our motivation, they direct us to act appropriately, even when we are unaware of them and do not deliberately aim at them. In other words, they can guide us in our actions without becoming one of our purposes in acting.…”

Section: Spirituality As a Regulative Idealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phronesis and spirituality in the workplace

Grant¹,

McGhee²

2012

JSLaM

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A review of the relevant literature recognised several characteristics that permeate discussions on spirituality. This paper's premise is that these characteristics inform an individual's choice of values -they form a type of regulative ideal. The process developed explains the link between these values and virtue and therefore ethical behaviour in the workplace. The values frameworks developed recently in the spirituality literature specify those things a spiritual person perceives as worth having, getting or doing. This paper contends that these values, particular to spiritual persons, contribute to the flourishing of individuals and therefore lead to the acquisition of virtue. Spiritual persons are likely to be ethical persons. Such individuals are likely to be of significant benefit to their organisations. A process is offered to explain the link between these values, virtue and ethical behaviour in the workplace. Central to this process is the notion of phronesis (practical wisdom) in the perception, selection and implementation of spiritual values in the workplace.Practical wisdom or phronesis is the reward for striving for virtue. It is the ability to know what is good to do here and now. It enables a person to have rational control of their feelings: to "have those feelings at the right times on the right grounds towards the right people for the right motive and in the right way" (Aristotle, Trans. 1941, NE Bk 2 chap 6; 1106b16). This paper contends that spiritual values, particular to spiritual persons and enhanced through phronesis, contribute to the flourishing of individuals and therefore lead to the acquisition of virtue. Phronesis is essential if espoused organisational values are to become a reality in the life of the organisation.

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Virtue Ethics and Professional Roles

Cited by 302 publications

References 2 publications

Antecedents and Consequences of Medical Students' Moral Decision Making during Professionalism Dilemmas

Antecedents and Consequences of Medical Students' Moral Decision Making during Professionalism Dilemmas

Climate Change and Virtue: An Apologetic

Phronesis and spirituality in the workplace

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