Virucidal, bactericidal, and sporicidal multilevel antimicrobial HEPA-ClO2 filter for air disinfection in a palliative care facility

BT100, a three-in-one, multipurpose disinfecting, deodorizing, and air-cleaning solution with an effective, gradual, and continuous gaseous chlorine dioxide-releasing substance

“…This is distinct from antiseptics, which are used to disinfect mucous membranes and the skin's surface. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), is a member of the chlorine class of chemicals that includes sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid that may kill viruses by penetrating their outer walls and damaging their interiors [ 8 , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. With a molecular weight of 67.45 g mol −1 and a yellow-green color at low concentrations, chlorine dioxide is a water-soluble gaseous compound.…”

“…The FDA approved 5–450 ppm for foods such as fruits and vegetables in 1995, while the EPA allowed the concentration of dissolved chlorine dioxide in drinking water to be less than 0.8 ppm. It also has good sterilizing capability [ 8 , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. Chlorine dioxide is estimated to directly oxidize proteins containing tyrosine, methionyl, or cysteine, which damages the structurally important regions of the enzyme or membrane protein involved in metabolism [ [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ].…”

“…It also has good sterilizing capability [ 8 , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. Chlorine dioxide is estimated to directly oxidize proteins containing tyrosine, methionyl, or cysteine, which damages the structurally important regions of the enzyme or membrane protein involved in metabolism [ [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ]. The primary sterilization mechanism easily oxidizes the amino acids cysteine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, but not to the RNA of the virus [ 26 , [30] , [31] , [32] ].…”

“…The primary sterilization mechanism easily oxidizes the amino acids cysteine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, but not to the RNA of the virus [ 26 , [30] , [31] , [32] ]. The secondary sterilization mechanism was for physiological functions and hindered protein synthesis [ 28 , 29 , 33 ], but recent studies have also shown that it hinders the permeability of the outer membrane [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] ]. Such chlorine dioxide is known to be more effective in controlling microorganisms because it is more permeable in the form of gas than in the form of liquid chlorine dioxide [ 35 ].…”