Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> among Urinary Tract Infections

Al-Dahmoshi, Hussein O. M.; Al-Khafaji, Noor S. K.; Al-Alaq, Farah Tareq

doi:10.5772/intechopen.94508

Urinary Tract Infection and Nephropathy - Insights Into Potential Relationship 2022

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94508

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Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii among Urinary Tract Infections

Hussein O. M. Al-Dahmoshi¹,

Noor S. K. Al-Khafaji²,

Farah Tareq Al-Alaq³

Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the opportunistic bacteria firstly related with the hospital acquired infection influencing primarily to weakening the patient in the ICU. It is sometimes transferred to the patient by transient colonization of hands of the workers of healthcare, and persistence on eco-surfaces. Acinetobacter baumannii inhalation aerosolized through endo-tracheal suctioning of the ventilated patient is widespread among ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP). It is infections mainly associated with… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

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Disrupting iron homeostasis can potentiate colistin activity and overcome colistin resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Gadar,

de Dios,

Kadeřábková

et al. 2023

Commun Biol

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Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative priority pathogen that can readily overcome antibiotic treatment through a range of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Treatment of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii largely relies on the use of colistin in cases where other treatment options have been exhausted. However, the emergence of resistance against this last-line drug has significantly increased amongst clinical strains. In this study, we identify the phytochemical kaempferol as a potentiator of colistin activity. When administered singularly, kaempferol has no effect on growth but does impact biofilm formation. Nonetheless, co-administration of kaempferol with sub-inhibitory concentrations of colistin exposes bacteria to a metabolic Achilles heel, whereby kaempferol-induced dysregulation of iron homeostasis leads to bacterial killing. We demonstrate that this effect is due to the disruption of Fenton’s reaction, and therefore to a lethal build-up of toxic reactive oxygen species in the cell. Furthermore, we show that this vulnerability can be exploited to overcome both intrinsic and acquired colistin resistance in clinical strains of A. baumannii and E. coli in vitro and in the Galleria mellonella model of infection. Overall, our findings provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that targeting iron homeostasis is a promising strategy for enhancing the efficacy of colistin and overcoming colistin-resistant infections.

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Disrupting iron homeostasis can potentiate colistin activity and overcome colistin resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Gadar,

de Dios,

Kadeřábková

et al. 2023

Commun Biol

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The Prevalence and Association of Different Uropathogens Detected by M-PCR with Infection-Associated Urine Biomarkers in Urinary Tract Infections

Haley,

Luke,

Mathur

et al. 2024

RRU

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Background: Many emerging uropathogens are currently identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) in suspected UTI cases. Standard urine culture (SUC) has significantly lower detection rates, raising questions about whether these organisms are associated with UTIs and truly cause inflammation. Objective: To determine if microbes detected by M-PCR were likely causative of UTI by measuring inflammatory biomarkers in the urine of symptomatic patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: Midstream voided urine was collected from subjects ≥60 years presenting to urology clinics with symptoms of UTI (n = 1132) between 01/2023 and 05/2023. Microbe detection was by M-PCR and inflammation-associated biomarker (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 8, and interleukin 1β) was by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biomarker positivity was measured against individual and groups of organisms, E. coli and non-E. coli cases, emerging uropathogens, monomicrobial and polymicrobial cases. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: Distributions were compared using 2-sample Wilcoxon Rank Sum test with 2-tailed p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results and Limitations: M-PCR was positive in 823 (72.7%) specimens with 28 of 30 (93%) microorganisms/groups detected. Twenty-six of twenty-eight detected microorganisms/groups (93%) had ≥2 biomarkers positive in >66% of cases. Both non-E. coli cases and E. coli cases had significant biomarker positivity (p < 0.05). Limitations were that a few organisms had low prevalence making inferences about their individual significance difficult. Conclusion:The majority of microorganisms identified by M-PCR were associated with active inflammation measured by biomarker positivity, indicating they are likely causative of UTIs in symptomatic patients. This includes emerging uropathogens frequently not detected by standard urine culture.Plain Language Summary: The M-PCR assay is a novel diagnostic assay for UTI.This study found that most organisms included in the M-PCR assay were:• detected in the urine of patients at least 60 years of age with a presumptive UTI diagnosis • associated with biomarkers of infection and inflammation Thus, the M-PCR assay:• is clinically relevant • has a low likelihood of false-positivity for UTI

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Impact of Urinary Tract and Vaginal Infections on the Physical and Emotional Well-being of Women

Ojha,

Vishwakarma,

Mishra

et al. 2025

IDDT

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that can affect var-ious parts of the urinary system, with symptoms including frequent urination, painful urina-tion, and lower back pain. UTIs are more common in women due to their shorter urethra, and they can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Vaginitis is an inflammation or in-fection of the vagina caused by factors like bacteria, fungi (Candida), or protozoa (Trichomo-nas). Symptoms include vaginal itching, abnormal discharge, and discomfort during urina-tion or sexual activity. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antifun-gal or antimicrobial medications. Vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infec-tions, trichomoniasis, cervicitis, and atrophic vaginitis, can have various physical, emotional, sexual, and social impacts on the lives of women. These impacts may include discomfort, embarrassment, reduced sexual satisfaction, social isolation, and emotional distress. Support and resources for managing these infections include healthcare providers who can diagnose and prescribe treatment, pharmacies that provide medications and guidance, telemedicine for remote consultations and prescriptions, support groups for emotional and informational sup-port, and online resources for reliable information. They offer a sense of community, infor-mation sharing, and emotional support, making it easier for individuals to manage their vag-initis and related concerns. Utilizing these resources can contribute to a more informed and empowered approach to vaginal infection prevention and treatment.

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Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii among Urinary Tract Infections

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Disrupting iron homeostasis can potentiate colistin activity and overcome colistin resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Disrupting iron homeostasis can potentiate colistin activity and overcome colistin resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria

The Prevalence and Association of Different Uropathogens Detected by M-PCR with Infection-Associated Urine Biomarkers in Urinary Tract Infections

Impact of Urinary Tract and Vaginal Infections on the Physical and Emotional Well-being of Women

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