Virulence and genetic characterization of six baculovirus strains isolated from different populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), is a polyphagous, voracious, and economically important agricultural pest. Biological control of FAW is a strategy that must be further explored. This study evaluated six baculovirus strains isolated from infected FAW larvae from Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, and the United States. Five alphabaculoviruses (SfNPV-An2, SfNPV-Arg, SfNPV-Fx, SfNPV-Ho and SfNPV-Sin) and one betabaculovirus (SfGV-RV), were tested against FAW larvae, showing a wide diversity of virulence levels among strains when their estimated LC50s were compared, being SfNPV-Arg, SfNPV-Ho and SfNPV-Fx more virulent than SfNPV-An2, SfNPV-Sin and SfGV-RV.To determine any virulence difference in vitro studies of these isolates, Sf9 cell cultures were used. Interestingly, only ODVs from four of the test SfNPV strains showed infectivity on Sf9 cell cultures, and some differences in virulence were observed. Genomic restriction analyses and partial sequences of lef-8, lef-9, and polh/granulin genes showed little variability among alphabaculoviruses, both, among them and with previously reported sequences. However, sequences from SfGV-RV were closer to previously reported sequences from the SfGV-VG008 strain than the SfGV-Arg and SfGV-VG014 strains. The great difference in the in vivo virulence was not correlated with great similarity among the isolates. The characterization of these six baculoviruses isolates offers the basis for exploring their potential as biological control agents against S. frugiperda, as well the initial studies on their specific infection mechanisms, evolution, and ecology.

Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

“…In addition, the growth and development of pathogenic fungi are also influential factors affecting the virulence potential of fungi. In Beauveria bassiana , the deletion of genes associated with growth and development directly leads to a severe loss of fungal virulence [ 36 , 37 ]. Based on the results of this study, the high virulence of the XSBN200920 strain is clearly a result of its robust growth characteristics.…”

Transcriptomics and interactomics during the primary infection of an SfNPV baculovirus on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae

“…The FAW colony was established in the Food and Plant Biotechnology Laboratory at the University of Guanajuato, Mexico, from field-collected specimens. The rearing procedure (Zanella-Saenz et al, 2022) was carried out as follows. Larvae were maintained in a meridic diet containing 100 mL distilled water, 12.5 g bacteriological agar, 120 g corn flour, 50 g yeast, 5 g wheat germ, 25 g ground corn spike, 2.5 g sorbic acid, 5 g ascorbic acid, 3.125 g methylparaben, 8.75 g Wesson's salt mixture, 62.5 g soybean, 3.125 mL formaldehyde 37%, 0.75 mg streptomycin, and18.75 g Vanderzant vitamin mixture.…”