Virulence-associated genes and toxin-antitoxin system genes of Shigella flexneri: Presence and expression in normal and thermal stress conditions

Maleki, Afshin; Moslem, Mehrnoush Safikhani; Kouhsari, Ebrahim; Pakzad, Iraj; Ghafouri, Zahra; Khaghani, Soheila; Sadeghifard, Nourkhoda

doi:10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100825

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…infantis ATCC 15,697 allow these bifidobacteria to regulate growth, survival, and metabolism over a broad range of environmental stresses and can be used as functional metagenomic biomarkers [ 65 ]. Moreover, the toxin-antitoxin (TA) system acts as a regulator of many genes in pathogenic bacteria; for example, the expression of Enterococcus virulence genes is reduced by the mazET TA system [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Safety of Blautia producta DSM 2950

et al. 2021

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In recent years, Blautia has attracted attention for its role in ameliorating host diseases. In particular, Blautia producta DSM 2950 has been considered a potential probiotic due to its ability to mitigate inflammation in poly(I:C) induced HT-29 cells. Thus, to promote the development of indigenous intestinal microorganisms with potential probiotic function, we conducted a comprehensive experimental analysis of DSM 2950 to determine its safety. This comprised a study of its potential virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, genomic islands, antibiotic resistance, and hemolytic activity and a 14-day test of its acute oral toxicity in mice. The results indicated no toxin-related virulence genes in the DSM 2950 genome. Most of the genomic islands in DSM 2950 were related to metabolism, rather than virulence expression. DSM 2950 was sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics but was tolerant of treatment with kanamycin, neomycin, clindamycin, or ciprofloxacin, probably because it possessed the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes. Oral acute toxicity tests indicated that the consumption of DSM 2950 does not cause toxic side effects in mice. Overall, the safety profile of DSM 2950 confirmed that it could be a candidate probiotic for use in food and pharmaceutical preparations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%