Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium

Echeverría-Valencia, Gabriela; Flores-Villalva, Susana; Espitia, Clara

doi:10.5772/intechopen.72027

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…In Mycobacterium , EVs are mainly composed of cytotoxins and other virulent factors. They infect the host cells by releasing their EV content [ 59 ]. In a study, Marsollier et al [ 60 ] demonstrated that Mycobacterium ulcerans EVs containing cytotoxin mycolactone showed potent pathogenicity in the host when compared to its isolated form.…”

Section: Role Of Evs In Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: An emerging platform in gram-positive bacteria

et al. 2020

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Extracellular vesicles (EV), also known as membrane vesicles, are produced as an end product of secretion by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Several reports suggest that archaea, gram-negative bacteria, and eukaryotic cells secrete membrane vesicles as a means for cell-free intercellular communication. EVs influence intercellular communication by transferring a myriad of biomolecules including genetic information. Also, EVs have been implicated in many phenomena such as stress response, intercellular competition, lateral gene transfer, and pathogenicity. However, the cellular process of secreting EVs in gram-positive bacteria is less studied. A notion with the thick cell-walled microbes such as gram-positive bacteria is that the EV release is impossible among them. The role of gram-positive EVs in health and diseases is being studied gradually. Being nano-sized, the EVs from gram-positive bacteria carry a diversity of cargo compounds that have a role in bacterial competition, survival, invasion, host immune evasion, and infection. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the EVs produced by gram-positive bacteria. Also, we discuss the functional aspects of these components while comparing them with gram-negative bacteria.

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Section: Role Of Evs In Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: An emerging platform in gram-positive bacteria

et al. 2020

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“…Mycobacterial virulence is associated with the ability of these bacteria to reside within host cells and evade the microbicidal mechanisms of macrophages (Echeverria‐Valencia et al. ). Granuloma formation by M. marinum is linked to virulence (Volkman et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral and Cellular Immune Response of European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax Vaccinated with Heat‐Killed Mycobacterium marinum (iipA::kan Mutant)

et al. 2018

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No vaccine is yet commercially available against Mycobacterium marinum, the etiological agent of fish mycobacteriosis (also known as "fish tuberculosis"). The mycobacterial gene responsible for invasion and intracellular persistence, iipA, is known to moderate M. marinum pathology in Zebrafish Danio rerio. Two doses of heat-killed, wild-type, virulent M. marinum and two doses of a heat-killed, avirulent M. marinum iipA::kan mutant strain were used in parallel to vaccinate European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. The fish were then challenged with live, virulent M. marinum, and the pathogenesis of the infection was monitored. High specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) response and an increase in cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) messenger RNA expression levels were observed in all vaccinated fish. At 1 month postchallenge, TNF-α expression levels increased in spleen tissues of fish vaccinated with the virulent type and in those of unvaccinated fish, whereas in the head kidney, expression was up-regulated only in unvaccinated fish. The expression then decreased, and at 2 months postchallenge, expression appeared similar in all vaccination types. The highest survival rate (75%) was recorded in the group of fish that were vaccinated with a high dose of avirulent iipA::kan mutant. The iipA::kan mutant induced a strong immune response accompanied by only modest tissue disruption. Coupled with an effective program of booster treatments, the iipA::kan mutant vaccine may be developed into a powerful preventive measure against fish mycobacteriosis.

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“…The complex pathogenicity of MtbC is determined by a plethora of virulence factors and literature dedicated to these factors is vast. 5,41,42 This is particularly important in the disease process and gives TB a peculiar progression of biological events and interaction with the immune cells.…”

Section: Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors Of Mycobacterium Tuberculmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Silver Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Tuberculosis</p>

Tabaran

Matea²,

Mocan³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Rapid emergence of aggressive, multidrug-resistant Mycobacteria strain represents the main cause of the current antimycobacterial-drug crisis and status of tuberculosis (TB) as a major global health problem. The relatively low-output of newly approved antibiotics contributes to the current orientation of research towards alternative antibacterial molecules such as advanced materials. Nanotechnology and nanoparticle research offers several exciting new-concepts and strategies which may prove to be valuable tools in improving the TB therapy. A new paradigm in antituberculous therapy using silver nanoparticles has the potential to overcome the medical limitations imposed in TB treatment by the drug resistance which is commonly reported for most of the current organic antibiotics. There is no doubt that AgNPs are promising future therapeutics for the medication of mycobacterial-induced diseases but the viability of this complementary strategy depends on overcoming several critical therapeutic issues as, poor delivery, variable intramacrophagic antimycobacterial efficiency, and residual toxicity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the pathology of mycobacterial-induced diseases, andhighlight the advantages and limitations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in TB treatment.

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Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium

Cited by 19 publications

References 120 publications

Extracellular vesicles: An emerging platform in gram-positive bacteria

Extracellular vesicles: An emerging platform in gram-positive bacteria

Humoral and Cellular Immune Response of European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax Vaccinated with Heat‐Killed Mycobacterium marinum (iipA::kan Mutant)

<p>Silver Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Tuberculosis</p>

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