Virulence Factors Associated with Enterococcus Faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Mini Review

Madsen, K T; Skov, Marianne Nielsine; Gill, Sabine; Kemp, Michael

doi:10.2174/1874285801711010001

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Mice were swabbed daily until no colonies appeared on agar selective for V583 or OG1RF, indicating bacterial clearance from the vaginal lumen. While V583 persisted longer in the mouse vaginal tract, the mean CFU recovered for both V583 and OG1RF remained constant for the first week and then declined as mice eventually cleared both strains by [11][12][13] days ( Fig. 2A, B).…”

Section: E Faecalis Persists In the Vaginal Tractmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome-wide mutagenesis identifies factors involved inEnterococcus faecalisvaginal adherence and persistence

Alhajjar

Chatterjee

Spencer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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21Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium native to the gastrointestinal tract and an 22 opportunistic pathogen of increasing clinical concern. E. faecalis also colonizes the female reproductive 23 tract and reports suggest vaginal colonization increases following antibiotic treatment or in patients with 24 aerobic vaginitis. Currently, little is known about specific factors that promote E. faecalis vaginal 25 colonization and subsequent infection. We developed a mouse model of E. faecalis vaginal carriage and 26 demonstrate that both vancomycin resistant and sensitive strains colonize the murine vaginal tract. 27Following vaginal colonization, we observed E. faecalis in vaginal, cervical and uterine tissue. A mutant 28 lacking endocarditis-and biofilm-associated pili (Ebp) exhibited a decreased ability to associate with 29 human vaginal and cervical cells in vitro as well as ascend to the cervix and uterus in vivo. To further 30 identify novel factors that promote vaginal colonization, we screened a low-complexity transposon (Tn) 31 mutant library to identify genes important for E. faecalis persistence in the vaginal tract. This screen 32 revealed 383 mutants that were underrepresented during vaginal colonization at all time points compared 33 to growth in culture medium. We confirmed that mutants deficient in ethanolamine catabolism and the 34 type VII secretion system were attenuated in persisting during vaginal colonization. These results reveal 35 the complex nature of vaginal colonization and suggest that multiple factors contribute to E. 36 faecalis persistence in the reproductive tract. 37 38 IMPORTANCE 39Despite increasing prevalence and association of E. faecalis with aerobic vaginitis, essentially nothing is 40 known about the bacterial factors that influence E. faecalis vaginal colonization. We have established an 41 animal model of vaginal colonization that supports colonization of multiple E. faecalis strains. 42Additionally, we determined that pili, ethanolamine utilization, and type VII secretion system genes 43 3 contribute to vaginal persistence and ascension to reproductive tract tissues. Identification of factors 44 important for vaginal colonization and persistence provides potential targets for the development of 45 therapeutics. This study is the first to identify key determinants that promote vaginal colonization by E. 46 faecalis, which may represent an important reservoir for antibiotic resistant enterococci. 47 48 INTRODUCTION 49Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that resides in the human gastrointestinal and 50 urogenital tracts [1, 2]. While E. faecalis colonization is normally asymptomatic, certain populations are 51 at risk for severe disease including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, pelvic inflammatory 52 disease (PID), infective endocarditis, and adverse birth effects during pregnancy [3, 4]. Enterococcal 53 infections are often associated with the production of biofilms, assemblages of microbes enclosed in an 54 extracellula...

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Section: E Faecalis Persists In the Vaginal Tractmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome-wide mutagenesis identifies factors involved inEnterococcus faecalisvaginal adherence and persistence

Alhajjar

Chatterjee

Spencer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Os patógenos bacterianos são direcionados para a necessidade de assimilarem nutrientes, sobreviverem e se reproduzirem dentro de um hospedeiro [103]. Em um curto espaço de tempo, eles requerem a flexibilidade para se adaptarem às mudanças ambientais as quais foram expostos de maneira a viabilizar a sua colonização [104].…”

Section: Efeito Da Cpz Sobre Fatores De Virulênciaunclassified

“…Em um curto espaço de tempo, eles requerem a flexibilidade para se adaptarem às mudanças ambientais as quais foram expostos de maneira a viabilizar a sua colonização [104]. A adaptação necessária que garante o estabelecimento do processo infeccioso é dependente dos fatores de virulência [103,104]. A principal característica biológica das bactérias que afeta a saúde humana reside na capacidade desses microrganismos em formar biofilmes [58,105].…”

Section: Efeito Da Cpz Sobre Fatores De Virulênciaunclassified

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Dos distúrbios psiquiátricos à antibioticoterapia: reposicionamento da clorpromazina como agente antibacteriano

Lima

Ramos-Alves

Soares

2019

Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Quím. Farm.

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O alarmante aumento na taxa de resistência aos antibióticos põe em check à eficácia da terapia antibacteriana futura. Em contrapartida, as indústrias farmacêuticas negligenciam os investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antimicrobianos em virtude de questões financeiras, legais e farmacológicas. Assim sendo, o reposicionamento de agentes disponíveis clinicamente torna-se uma promissora ferramenta para tentar driblar o desinteresse das indústrias. O fármaco antipsicótico clorpromazina (CPZ) destaca-se por possuir uma ampla faixa de atividade antibacteriana, a qual cobre desde patógenos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos, até as micobactérias. A atividade antibacteriana é independente do perfil de susceptibilidade do microrganismo, sendo ela mantida mesmo em cepas altamente resistentes aos antibióticos. Alguns estudos mostram que mesmo nas concentrações clinicamente disponíveis no plasma (entre 0,1-0,5 μg/mL), a CPZ é capaz de matar Staphylococcus aureus e Mycobacterium tuberculosis dentro dos macrófagos. Em adição, estudos clínicos têm revelado os benefícios do uso da CPZ na terapia de suporte para pacientes com infecções em curso. Em conclusão, a CPZ pode eventualmente ser direcionada ao arsenal terapêutico antimicrobiano, especialmente no manejo das infecções causadas por microrganismos intracelulares com fenótipo multirresistente.

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“…Infective endocarditis (IE) is one of the most severe infections caused by this organism , so that E. faecalis accounts for up to 20% of total cases of IEs . Bacterial adherence to damaged heart valves is known as the first step in the pathogenesis of IE, leading to bacterial accumulation (probably by biofilm formation) and subsequent deposition of neutrophils, fibrin and platelets, resulting in formation of vegetation on the heart valves .…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Distribution of Ebp pili among clinical and fecal isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and evaluation for human platelet activation

Ahmadrajabi

Dalfardi

Farsinejad

et al. 2018

APMIS

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Although Enterococcus faecalis is known as normal flora in colon, it is also amongst the most common causative agents of infective endocarditis (IE). Platelet activation resulting from adherence to platelets is an essential step in the pathogenesis of IE. One of the factors proposed in adhesion is endocarditis- and biofilm- associated pili encoded by ebp operon. The aim of this study was to investigate ebp in isolates from different origins and analyze the potential of isolates to activate human platelets of different donors. The ebp distribution was investigated in E. faecalis from different origin infections (n = 103) and fecal flora (n = 20). Then, selected isolates from blood (n = 5), urine (n = 2), and fecal flora (n = 3) were analyzed by flow cytometry assay for the ability to activate platelets of four different donors. No statistically significant difference was found for the ebp presence between infective and fecal isolates. Also, it was found that the ability for platelet activation is independent of the bacterial origin. However, significant difference was found in platelet activation between different donors. The results suggest that the presence or absence of ebp is not a critical factor for platelet activation by E. faecalis isolates. However, host factors seem to contribute in this activity.

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Virulence Factors Associated with Enterococcus Faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Mini Review

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Genome-wide mutagenesis identifies factors involved inEnterococcus faecalisvaginal adherence and persistence

Genome-wide mutagenesis identifies factors involved inEnterococcus faecalisvaginal adherence and persistence

Dos distúrbios psiquiátricos à antibioticoterapia: reposicionamento da clorpromazina como agente antibacteriano

Distribution of Ebp pili among clinical and fecal isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and evaluation for human platelet activation

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