Virulence Factors in Food, Clinical and Reference Enterococci: A Common Trait in the Genus?

Semedo, Teresa; Santos, Margarida A.; Lopes, M. Fátima Silva; Marques, J. J. Figueiredo; Crespo, Maria Teresa Barreto; Tenreiro, Rogério

doi:10.1078/072320203322337263

Cited by 194 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The widespread occurrence of adhesion-associated protein in enterococci, irrespective of origin and species allocation, is reported in many food and clinical isolates (45) and was confi rmed in our study with 77.65 % efaAfsand 81.25 % efaAfm-positive enterococci.…”

Section: Safety Issuessupporting

confidence: 60%

Characterization of Enterococcal Community Isolated from an Artisan Istrian Raw Milk Cheese: Biotechnological and Safety Aspects

Fuka

Maksimović

Tanuwidjaja

et al. 2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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SummaryIn this study, prevalence, biotechnological and safety profi les of 588 Enterococcus isolates isolated from raw milk and Istrian cheese during diff erent stages of ripening were analyzed. Despite the low and variable presence of enterococci in milk ((3.65±2.93) log CFU/mL), highly comparable enterococcal populations were established aft er 30 days of cheese ripening ((7.96±0.80) log CFU/g), confi rming Enterococcus spp. as a major part of the core microbiota of Istrian cheese. The dominant species were E. faecium (53.8 %) and E. faecalis (42.4 %), while minor groups, consisting of E. durans (2.84 %) and E. casselifl avus (0.95 %), also occurred. A pronounced intraspecies variability was noticed based on molecular fi ngerprinting, with 35 strains (genotypes) detected. Most of the genotypes were farm-specifi c with one third being shared between the farms. This genotype variability refl ected particular diff erences of Istrian cheese production, mainly variable salt concentration, ripening temperature and air humidity as well as microclimatic or vegetation conditions. There was considerable variation between the strains of the same species regarding wide range of biotechnologically important traits as well as their ability to survive in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. A considerable number of strains were resistant to critically important antibiotics such as tetracycline (43.56 %), erythromycin (35.79 %) and vancomycin (23.48 %). Polymerase chain reaction-based detection did not identify any of the common genetic determinants for vancomycin and erythromycin resistance; for tetracycline tetM gene was detected. The presence of virulence genes including agg, efaAfs, gelE, cylM, cylB, cylA, esp, efaAfm, cob and cpd was frequently recorded, especially among E. faecalis strains.

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Section: Safety Issuessupporting

confidence: 60%

Characterization of Enterococcal Community Isolated from an Artisan Istrian Raw Milk Cheese: Biotechnological and Safety Aspects

Fuka

Maksimović

Tanuwidjaja

et al. 2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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“…All of these non-producer isolates except for E. hirae HBE-10, had various combination of enterocin genes. The detection of enterocin structural gene does not means the production of the corresponding enterocin [14] and existence of silent bacteriocin genes hes been previously reported in other studies [2,19,20]. It emphasized by Nes et al, [21] identification of putative bacteriocin genes does not necessarily mean that the relevant bacterium produces antimicrobial activity and a lack of detectable antimicrobial activity does not necessarily mean that genes involved in bacteriocin production are defective.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Bacteriocins in Enterococcal Isolates of Different Sources

et al. 2011

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A collection of 57 enterococcal isolates from different origin (including river, treatment plant, spring and garbage water, soil, animal, and vegetables from Aydın) was screened for the production of bacteriocins. Enterococci were identified at species levels as Enterococcus faecium (34), E. hirae (6), E. casseliflavus (4), E. durans (4), E. faecalis (4), E. mundtii (3) and E. avium (2). Of the 57 isolates 40 of them inhibited the growth of at least one indicator bacterium. Based on our PCR results 54 strains possesed enterocin genes. The genes of entA and entB were the most frequently detected structural genes among the PCR positive strains (54 and 53 strains, respectively) and the entB gene was always associated with entA gene. The highest combination of enterocin genes (24 of 54 strains) detected was entA, entB, entP and entL50A/B. The enterocins AS-48 and CylL LS genes were not found. Three enterococcal isolates, 2 E. faecium and 1 E. hirae were not harbour any of tested enterocin genes. No correlation between the presence of enterocin structural genes and the origin of the strain was detected, also no relationship seemed to exist between the tested enterocin genes and the activity spectra of isolates. Genes encoding bacteriocins are widely disseminated among enterocci from different origin and more studies should be done for evaluate industrial potential of bacteriocins.

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“…Plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24-48 h under semi-anaerobic conditions. The presence or absence of clearing zones around the colonies was interpreted as β-hemolysis and negative gama-hemolysis respectively (Semedo et al 2003(Semedo et al , 2013.…”

Section: Hemolysis Forming and Gelatinase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic and susceptibility to enterocins of enterococci in pheasants possessing virulence factor genes

Kandričáková¹,

Lauková²,

Strompfová³

2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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With an increasing number of pheasants as gamebirds being reared each year, these species are becoming a more prominent part of the workload of many veterinary practices. Only limited information can be found concerning the microflora of common pheasants. A significant part of the obligate microflora consists of lactic acid bacteria, including enterococci. In this study, faeces were sampled from 60 pheasants aged 16-17 weeks. Enterococcal counts reached 5.48±1.9 (log10) CFU/g. Strains (17) were taxonomically classified to the genus Enterococcus using the Maldi-Tof identification system; they were allotted to the species E. hirae (58.8%), E. faecium (23.5%) and E. faecalis (17.7%) by highly probable species identification or by secure genus identification/probable species identication. Species allocation was also confirmed using conventional biochemical tests. Most strains formed β-hemolysis. Gelatinase active phenotype was found in three E. faecalis strains. Enterococci were β-glucuronidase negative, mostly trypsin negative with slight or moderate production of α-chymotrypsin. EH52b and EF42 strains possessed the highest potential for pathogenicity. Average value of lactic acid was 1.78±0.33 mmo/L. Most strains were tetracycline resistant (82.4%). Polyresistant E. faecalis strains with positive gelatinase phenotype and possessing virulence factor genes confirmed using PCR (gelE, efaAfs, ccf cob, cpd) were sensitive to enterocins (activity 1600-25 600 AU/mL).

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Virulence Factors in Food, Clinical and Reference Enterococci: A Common Trait in the Genus?

Cited by 194 publications

References 51 publications

Characterization of Enterococcal Community Isolated from an Artisan Istrian Raw Milk Cheese: Biotechnological and Safety Aspects

Characterization of Enterococcal Community Isolated from an Artisan Istrian Raw Milk Cheese: Biotechnological and Safety Aspects

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Bacteriocins in Enterococcal Isolates of Different Sources

Characteristic and susceptibility to enterocins of enterococci in pheasants possessing virulence factor genes

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