Virulence factors of foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

Lopes, Graciela Völz; Ramires, Tassiana; Kleinubing, Natalie Rauber; Scheik, Letícia Klein; Fiorentini, Ângela Maria; Silva, Wladimir Padilha da

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105265

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Although the molecular basis of the pathogenicity of Campylobacter has not been fully elucidated, however; several virulence factors have been identified based on in vitro and in vivo studies [ 3 ]. For example, colonization of the intestine requires the ability to move into the mucus layer covering the intestinal cells by the polar flagella allowing them to efficiently penetrate the mucus barrier (chemotaxis and flagellar) [ 4 ], the genetic virulence factors connected with the invasiveness of campylobacter are placed on plasmid gene that encodes for secretory system protein [ 5 ]. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is required for CDT binding to target cells and for the delivery into the cell interior, the thermal stress response of the bacteria by the induction of the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which are important for thermotolerance, putative adhesion factors such as pili and fimbriae characterized by role in adhesion in the intestinal wall [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter infection among under-five children with diarrhea at Governmental Hospitals in Hawassa city, Sidama, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Background Campylobacteriosis, is a zoonotic bacterial disease observed with a rising worldwide. It is becoming the most commonly recognized cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in under-five mortality in recent years. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of Campylobacter infection among under-fives with acute watery diarrhea. Methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental and private health institutions in Hawassa city. All outpatient under-five children who met the inclusion criteria from April 2021 to August 2021 were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using a standardized data collection tool. Stool samples were collected from each participant with a sterile container and inoculated on a campylobacter agar media. The isolates were identified by using biochemical tests and a disc diffusion technique was performed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the isolates. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive and Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the determinants of Campylobacter infection. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 235 under-five children were enrolled in this study with a 100% response rate. Of these 130 (55.3%) and 105(44.7%) were males and females respectively with the age range of 2 months to 60 months with the mean age of 25 months. The majority of the 150 (63.2%) were rural residents. Of 235 under-fives with acute watery diarrhea, 16 (6.8%) patients were found to have Campylobacter infection with (95% CI, 3.8–10.2%). Consumption of pasteurized milk (AOR: 0.12; 95% CI 0.02–0.75, P<0.05), presence of domestic animals like cats, hens, and cows (AOR: 0.09: 95% CI 0.01–0.67, P<0.05), absence of handwashing practice before food preparation (AOR: 3.63, 95% CI 1.15–11.46, P<0.05) showed significant association with campylobacter infection. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria were 100% sensitivity to Azithromycin, Chloramphenicol, and Gentamicin, however; it was 100% resistant to Cephalothin. The associations of socio-demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors were compared and consumption of unpasteurized milk, the presence of domestic animal like the cat was significantly associated. Conclusion Campylobacter infection showed a comparatively low prevalence in under-fives with acute watery diarrhea. In this study contact with cats, consumption of unpasteurized milk were associated with Campylobacter infection. The treatment approach of Campylobacter infection must consider the sensitivity profile of antibiotics as indicated in the study. We, therefore, recommend further studies to determine the species responsible for Campylobacter infection with other co-morbidities and the susceptibility pattern for each species to indicate appropriate antibiotic therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter infection among under-five children with diarrhea at Governmental Hospitals in Hawassa city, Sidama, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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“…For example, sialic acid found in the LOS of the gastric pathogens V. cholerae and Campylobacter jejuni [18,57]. In C. jejuni, this molecular mimicry of host epitopes leads to the autoimmune disease Guillain-Barre syndrome, where anti-Neu5Ac antibodies, elicited by C. jejuni sialylated-LOS, attack the hosts own gangliosides containing these structures [77]. In the related organism Campylobacter coli, loss of LOS biosynthetic enzyme function means only a small fraction of strains (1%) are able to sialylate their LOS, meaning infection with C. coli is much less likely to lead to autoimmune disorders [78].…”

Section: A Wolf In Sheep's Clothing: Immune Evasion and Molecular Mim...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How bacteria utilize sialic acid during interactions with the host: snip, snatch, dispatch, match and attach

2022

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N -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), commonly referred to as sialic acids, are two of the most common glycans found in mammals. Humans carry a mutation in the enzyme that converts Neu5Ac into Neu5Gc, and as such, expression of Neu5Ac can be thought of as a ‘human specific’ trait. Bacteria can utilize sialic acids as a carbon and energy source and have evolved multiple ways to take up sialic acids. In order to generate free sialic acid, many bacteria produce sialidases that cleave sialic acid residues from complex glycan structures. In addition, sialidases allow escape from innate immune mechanisms, and can synergize with other virulence factors such as toxins. Human-adapted pathogens have evolved a preference for Neu5Ac, with many bacterial adhesins, and major classes of toxin, specifically recognizing Neu5Ac containing glycans as receptors. The preference of human-adapted pathogens for Neu5Ac also occurs during biosynthesis of surface structures such as lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) and polysaccharide capsules, subverting the human host immune system by mimicking the host. This review aims to provide an update on the advances made in understanding the role of sialic acid in bacteria-host interactions made in the last 5–10 years, and put these findings into context by highlighting key historical discoveries. We provide a particular focus on ‘molecular mimicry’ and incorporation of sialic acid onto the bacterial outer-surface, and the role of sialic acid as a receptor for bacterial adhesins and toxins.

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“…The pathogenicity of Campylobacter depends on virulence factors related to chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, invasion, toxin production, and immune evasion (Lopes et al, 2021 ). Severe cases of campylobacteriosis need antibiotic treatment (Kirkpatrick and Tribble, 2011 ).…”

Section: Prevalence and Characterization Of Campylobactermentioning

confidence: 99%