Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori vacA increase markedly gastric mucosal TGF-β1 mRNA expression in gastritis patients

et al. 2015

cejoi

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with gastritis and marked infiltration of the gastric mucosa by several cytokines secreting inflammatory cells. Different clinical forms of the infection may reflect distinctive patterns of cytokine expression. Interleukin (IL)-17, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23 have been reported to be involved in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation, but the details and relationship to different patterns of inflammation and virulence factors remain unclear. The present study was launched to analyse IL-6 expression in H. pylori-infected and uninfected gastric patients and to investigate its correlation with chronic gastritis among H. pylori-infected patients. Total RNA was extracted from the gastric antrum biopsies of 48 H. pylori-infected patients and 38 H. pylori uninfected patients. Mucosal IL-21 mRNA expression level in H. pylori-infected and uninfected gastric biopsy was determined by real-time PCR. The presence of vacA (vacuolating cytotoxin A) and cagA (cytotoxin associated gene A) virulence factors were evaluated using PCR. Interleukin-21 mRNA expression was significantly high in biopsies of H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori uninfected patients, and the mucosal IL-21 mRNA level was positively correlated with the grade of chronic inflammation. There was no association between virulence factors and IL-21 mRNA expression. We believe that IL-21 might be involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and might be an index of the severity of chronic gastritis.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical immunology Mucosal interleukin-21 mRNA expression level is high in patients with Helicobacter pylori and is associated with the severity of gastritis

Bagheri

Azadegan‐Dehkordi

et al. 2015

cejoi

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“…Melatonin has been effective against a wide variety of pathological conditions. [1] It is also effective on the activity of fibroblasts and stimulates the synthesis of Type I collagen fibers[12] as well as puberty timing. Activation of melatonin receptors prevents from many fatal diseases by increasing the release of some immune system inhibitor cytokines due to stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also reported the effect of melatonin in prevention of esophageal damages caused by acid, pepsin, and bile solutions. [12]…”

Section: Pharmacologic and Therapeutic Aspects Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Melatonin and human mitochondrial diseases

Sharafati-Chaleshtori

Rafieian-Kopaei

et al. 2017

J Res Med Sci

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Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main causative factors in a wide variety of complications such as neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia/reperfusion, aging process, and septic shock. Decrease in respiratory complex activity, increase in free radical production, increase in mitochondrial synthase activity, increase in nitric oxide production, and impair in electron transport system and/or mitochondrial permeability are considered as the main factors responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin, the pineal gland hormone, is selectively taken up by mitochondria and acts as a powerful antioxidant, regulating the mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Melatonin increases the permeability of membranes and is the stimulator of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase. It also acts as an inhibitor of lipoxygenase. Melatonin can cause resistance to oxidation damage by fixing the microsomal membranes. Melatonin has been shown to retard aging and inhibit neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia/reperfusion, septic shock, diabetes, cancer, and other complications related to oxidative stress. The purpose of the current study, other than introducing melatonin, was to present the recent findings on clinical effects in diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction including diabetes, cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, and diseases related to brain function.

“…[78][79][80][81] Therefore, as a source of different antioxidants, they can be very effective in modulating oxidative stress, thus protecting different organs such as heart, 10 kidney, [82][83][84][85][86] and live, 87-89 from oxidative damages. [90][91][92] Although different components of plants can have antioxidant effects, the main part of such effects is attributed to phenol compounds. [93][94][95] A lot of medicinal herbs such as Ocimum basilioum, Allium sativum, Silybum marianum, Anethum graveolens, Boswellia carterii, Juglans regia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Berberis vulgaris, Nigella sative, Sesamum indicum, Aloe vera, Ziziphus jujube, and Zingiber officinale possess antioxidant activities thanks to their phenolic compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Promising Natural Agents Effective on Hyperlipidemia

Bahmani

Mirhoseini

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

et al. 2015

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Hyperlipidemia is a prevalent disease and a major component of the metabolic syndrome resulting from various factors. This disease increases morbidity and mortality when combined with other prevalent diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The side effects of the current lipid-lowering drugs have increased the tendency to move toward traditional and alternative treatments. Epidemiological observations indicate that using alternative treatments, consumption of medicinal plants, diet, and consumption of fruits have had satisfactory results on the effects of hyperlipidemia in many societies. It should be noted that in majority of societies, even developed countries, the tendency toward eating lipid-lowering medicinal plants has increased extensively. Using these plants especially when common remedies cannot control the disease is significant. Although consumption of medicinal plants by hyperlipidemic patients may show improvement in disease state, drug interaction and side effects may cause complications in disease control. Therefore, in this review, apart from introducing some of the reliable plants effective in inhibition and decrease of hyperlipidemia, the possibility of their intoxication and drug interaction is also presented.