Virulence Gene- and Pandemic Group-Specific Marker Profiling of Clinical
            <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>
            Isolates

Meador, Carolyn E.; Parsons, Michele M.; Bopp, Cheryl A.; Gerner‐Smidt, Peter; Painter, John A.; Vora, Gary J.

doi:10.1128/jcm.00042-07

Cited by 53 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The tdh genes are embedded in VPC-12. In addition, it has been reported that other putative virulence genes, including TTSS2, are encoded in VPC-12 (20). The involvement of the TTSS2 genes in the cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity of V. parahaemolyticus was demonstrated previously (15,31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparative Genomic Analysis Using Microarray Demonstrates a Strong Correlation between the Presence of the 80-Kilobase Pathogenicity Island and Pathogenicity in Kanagawa Phenomenon-Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains

et al. 2008

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative marine bacterium. A limited population of the organisms causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. Almost all of the clinical V. parahaemolyticus isolates exhibit beta-type hemolysis on Wagatsuma agar, known as the Kanagawa phenomenon (KP). KP is induced by the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by the organism and has been considered a crucial marker to distinguish pathogenic strains from nonpathogenic ones. Since 1996, so-called "pandemic clones," the majority of which belong to serotype O3:K6, have caused worldwide outbreaks of gastroenteritis. In this study, we used a DNA microarray constructed based on the genome sequence of a pandemic V. parahaemolyticus strain, RIMD2210633, to examine the genomic composition of 22 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, including both pathogenic (pandemic and nonpandemic) and nonpathogenic strains. More than 86% of the RIMD2210633 genes were conserved in all of the strains tested. Many variably present genes formed gene clusters on the genome of RIMD2210633 and were probably acquired through lateral gene transfer. At least 65 genes over 11 loci were specifically present in the pandemic strains compared with any of the nonpandemic strains, suggesting that the difference between pandemic and nonpandemic strains is not due to a simple genetic event. Only the genes in the 80-kb pathogenicity island (Vp-PAI) on chromosome II, including two tdh genes and a set of genes for the type III secretion system, were detected only in the KP-positive pathogenic strains. These results strongly suggest that acquisition of this Vp-PAI was crucial for the emergence of V. parahaemolyticus strains that are pathogenic for humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparative Genomic Analysis Using Microarray Demonstrates a Strong Correlation between the Presence of the 80-Kilobase Pathogenicity Island and Pathogenicity in Kanagawa Phenomenon-Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains

et al. 2008

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“…However, PMA339 has not been observed among clinical isolates. TTSS2 genes have been found in other V. parahaemolyticus clinical strains (20); however, we identifi ed them in environmental strains. On the basis of sequences obtained from their amplicons, TTSS2 genes in PMA339 seem to have independently evolved from the pandemic strain over a considerable time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Because the presence of TTSS2 genes is not exclusive to the pandemic strain (20) T3SS2). Among these strains, only PMA339, isolated from shellfi sh in the summer of 2004, was positive.…”

Section: T3ss2 Genes In Other Nonpandemic V Parahaemolyticus Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology ofVibrio parahaemolyticusOutbreaks, Southern Chile

Harth

Matsuda²,

Hernández³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Disease outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Puerto Montt, Chile, began in 2004 and reached a peak in 2005 at 3,600 clinical cases. Until 2006, every analyzed case was caused by the serovar O3:K6 pandemic strain. In the summer of 2007, only 475 cases were reported; 73% corresponded to the pandemic strain. This decrease was associated with a change in serotype of many pandemic isolates to O3:K59 and the emergence of new clinical strains. One of these strains, associated with 11% of the cases, was genotypically different from the pandemic strain but contained genes that were identical to those found on its pathogenicity island. These fi ndings suggest that pathogenicity-related genes were laterally transferred from the pandemic strain to one of the different V. parahaemolyticus groups comprising the diverse and shifting bacterial population in shellfi sh in this region.

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“…These variations are a weakness inherent to PFGE as a method and not unique to the V. parahaemolyticus protocol (12,22,33). Such disparities are unlikely to be eliminated and are likely to be due to variations in equipment, different lots of laboratory supplies and reagents, and user variation, which can affect the outcome of the resulting PFGE patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organism was first identified as a cause of food-borne illness in Japan in 1950 (13). Isolates carrying one or both of the virulence factors, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), are considered virulent (22,27,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Validation of a PulseNet Standardized Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocol for Subtyping Vibrio parahaemolyticus : an International Multicenter Collaborative Study

Kam¹,

Luey²,

Parsons

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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The pandemic spread of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an international public health issue. Because of the outbreak potential of the organism, it is critical to establish an internationally recognized molecular subtyping protocol for V. parahaemolyticus that is both rapid and robust as a means to monitor its further spread and to guide control measures in combination with epidemiologic data. Here we describe the results of a multicenter, multicountry validation of a new PulseNet International standardized V. parahaemolyticus pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol. The results are from a composite analysis of 36 well-characterized V. parahaemolyticus isolates from six participating laboratories, and the isolates represent predominant serotypes and various genotypes isolated from different geographic regions and time periods. The discriminatory power is very high, as 34 out of 36 sporadic V. parahaemolyticus strains tested fell into 34 distinguishable PFGE groups when the data obtained with two restriction enzymes (SfiI and NotI) were combined. PFGE was further able to cluster members of known pandemic serogroups. The study also identified quality measures which may affect the performance of the protocol. Nonadherence to the recommended procedure may lead to high background in the PFGE gel patterns, partial digestion, and poor fragment resolution. When these quality measures were implemented, the PulseNet V. parahaemolyticus protocol was found to be both robust and reproducible among the collaborating laboratories.Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic gram-negative bacterium, can cause acute gastroenteritis in humans who consume contaminated raw or undercooked seafood. The clinical symptoms include watery diarrhea often accompanied with abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and chills. The organism was first identified as a cause of food-borne illness in Japan in 1950 (13). Isolates carrying one or both of the virulence factors, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), are considered virulent (22, 27, 32).Previously, V. parahaemolyticus infections have been typically sporadic cases attributed to multiple serotypes; 75 different combinations of somatic (O) and capsular (K) serotypes have been identified (18,24). However, the epidemiology of this infection has changed since 1996. The incidence of V. parahaemolyticus infections among hospitalized patients in Kolkata, India, suddenly increased in February 1996 (24). It was determined that serotype O3:K6 strains accounted for 50 to 80% of the strains isolated during this period. Further surveillance studies demonstrated that this particular serotype was responsible for outbreaks worldwide in the Americas (7,8,14,15), Asian countries, including Bangladesh, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam (2,9,21,25,34), Europe (20,29), and Mozambique (1).Following the global spread of V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and the resulting large food-borne outbreaks, several phenotypic and molecular techniques have been...

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Virulence Gene- and Pandemic Group-Specific Marker Profiling of Clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates

Cited by 53 publications

References 44 publications

Comparative Genomic Analysis Using Microarray Demonstrates a Strong Correlation between the Presence of the 80-Kilobase Pathogenicity Island and Pathogenicity in Kanagawa Phenomenon-Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains

Comparative Genomic Analysis Using Microarray Demonstrates a Strong Correlation between the Presence of the 80-Kilobase Pathogenicity Island and Pathogenicity in Kanagawa Phenomenon-Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains

Epidemiology ofVibrio parahaemolyticusOutbreaks, Southern Chile

Evaluation and Validation of a PulseNet Standardized Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocol for Subtyping Vibrio parahaemolyticus : an International Multicenter Collaborative Study

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