Virulence of a Proteus mirabilis ATF isogenic mutant is not impaired in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection

Zunino, Pablo

doi:10.1016/s0928-8244(00)00198-x

Cited by 36 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several models of UTIs have been described (14,18,19,26,27,34,37,41,49). A number of these studies were conducted to investigate the pathogenesis of various uropathogens and for the evaluation of different antibiotics for UTIs in laboratory animals (2,8,11,12,17,23,33,39,40,43,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biophotonic Imaging for Monitoring of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections and Therapy in Mice

Kadurugamuwa¹,

Modi²,

Yu³

et al. 2005

Infect Immun

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections acquired by humans, particularly in catheterized patients. A major problem with catheterization is the formation of bacterial biofilms on catheter material and the risk of developing persistent UTIs that are difficult to monitor and eradicate. To better understand the course of UTIs and allow more accurate studies of in vivo antibiotic efficacy, we developed a catheter-based biofilm infection model with mice, using bioluminescently engineered bacteria. Two important urinary tract pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis, were made bioluminescent by stable insertion of a complete lux operon. Segments of catheter material (precolonized or postimplant infected) with either pathogen were placed transurethrally in the lumen of the bladder by using a metal stylet without surgical manipulation. The bioluminescent strains were sufficiently bright to be readily monitored from the outside of infected animals, using a low-light optical imaging system, including the ability to trace the ascending pattern of light-emitting bacteria through ureters to the kidneys. Placement of the catheter in the bladder not only resulted in the development of strong cystitis that persisted significantly longer than in mice challenged with bacterial suspensions alone but also required prolonged antibiotic treatment to reduce the level of infection. Treatment of infected mice for 4 days with ciprofloxacin at 30 mg/kg of body weight twice a day cured cystitis and renal infection in noncatheterized mice. Similarly, ciprofloxacin reduced the bacterial burden to undetectable levels in catheterized mice but did not inhibit rebound of the infection upon cessation of antibiotic therapy. This methodology easily allows spatial information to be monitored sequentially throughout the entire disease process, including ascending UTI, treatment efficacy, and relapse, all without exogenous sampling, which is not possible with conventional methods.Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans (9, 35). The majority of these infections follow instrumentation of the urinary tract, mainly urinary catheterization, with the development of catheter-associated bacteriuria being directly related to the duration of implant (6,18,37,44). Thus, it is commonplace for the incidence of bacteriuria to be as high as 95% in catheterized patients with implants present for 30 days or more (6, 44). Complications with such infections can lead to fever, cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, bacteremia, and death (44). Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are caused by a variety of uropathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Candida (6,44).Typically, the bacterial biofilm growth on urinary catheter and adjacent mucosa accounts for the pathophysiology of catheter-associated UTI (25,26,31). Diseases involving bacterial biofilms are generally chronic and difficult to treat, be...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biophotonic Imaging for Monitoring of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections and Therapy in Mice

Kadurugamuwa¹,

Modi²,

Yu³

et al. 2005

Infect Immun

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“…The presence of S fimbriae and type 1C fimbriae (172,178,340). Uropathogenic P. mirabilis isolates also contain a member of the ␥ 1 -fimbrial clade, the ambient-temperature fimbria (atf) operon; however, the encoded adhesin is not required for cystitis in a mouse model (213,214,373). Gene clusters that are closely related to the ␥ 1 -fimbriae include the lpf operons of S. enterica (28), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (77,334,335), enteropathogenic E. coli (232), and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (146).…”

Section: The ␥-Fimbriaementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Chaperone/Usher Assembly Pathway: Fimbrial Classification Goes Greek

Nuccio

Bäumler

2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

298

456

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SUMMARY Many Proteobacteria use the chaperone/usher pathway to assemble proteinaceous filaments on the bacterial surface. These filaments can curl into fimbrial or nonfimbrial surface structures (e.g., a capsule or spore coat). This article reviews the phylogeny of operons belonging to the chaperone/usher assembly class to explore the utility of establishing a scheme for subdividing them into clades of phylogenetically related gene clusters. Based on usher amino acid sequence comparisons, our analysis shows that the chaperone/usher assembly class is subdivided into six major phylogenetic clades, which we have termed α-, β-, γ-, κ-, π-, and σ-fimbriae. Members of each clade share related operon structures and encode fimbrial subunits with similar protein domains. The proposed classification system offers a simple and convenient method for assigning newly discovered chaperone/usher systems to one of the six major phylogenetic groups.

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“…It was found that NAF/UCA binds the following receptors: asialo-GM 1 , asialo-GM 3 , lactosyl ceramide and galectin (LEE et al 2000, ALTMAN et al 2001. ATF fimbriae are not important in the pathogenicity of human beings (ZUNINO et al 2000). PMP fimbriae were found on canine UTI isolates (BIJLSMA et al 1995), however genes coding this type of fimbriae were found in human clinical isolates (PEARSON et al 2008).…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteus sp. – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen – classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factors

et al. 2012

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The genus Proteus belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, where it is placed in the tribe Proteeae, together with the genera Morganella and Providencia. Currently, the genus Proteus consists of five species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri, P. hauseri and P. myxofaciens, as well as three unnamed Proteus genomospecies. The most defining characteristic of Proteus bacteria is a swarming phenomenon, a multicellular differentiation process of short rods to elongated swarmer cells. It allows population of bacteria to migrate on solid surface. Proteus bacteria inhabit the environment and are also present in the intestines of humans and animals. These microorganisms under favorable conditions cause a number of infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, meningitis in neonates or infants and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, Proteus is known as a bacterial opportunistic pathogen. It causes complicated UTIs with a higher frequency, compared to other uropathogens. Proteus infections are accompanied by a formation of urinary stones, containing struvite and carbonate apatite. The virulence of Proteus rods has been related to several factors including fimbriae, flagella, enzymes (urease - hydrolyzing urea to CO2 and NH3, proteases degrading antibodies, tissue matrix proteins and proteins of the complement system), iron acqusition systems and toxins: hemolysins, Proteus toxin agglutinin (Pta), as well as an endotoxin - lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Proteus rods form biofilm, particularly on the surface of urinary catheters, which can lead to serious consequences for patients. In this review we present factors involved in the regulation of swarming phenomenon, discuss the role of particular pathogenic features of Proteus spp., and characterize biofilm formation by these bacteria.

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Virulence of a Proteus mirabilis ATF isogenic mutant is not impaired in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Noninvasive Biophotonic Imaging for Monitoring of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections and Therapy in Mice

Noninvasive Biophotonic Imaging for Monitoring of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections and Therapy in Mice

Evolution of the Chaperone/Usher Assembly Pathway: Fimbrial Classification Goes Greek

Proteus sp. – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen – classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factors

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