Virulence Traits and Azole Resistance in Korean Candida auris Isolates

Byun, Seung A.; Kwon, Yong Jun; Lee, Ga Yeong; Choi, Min Ji; Jeong, Seok Hoon; Kim, Dokyun; Choi, Min Hyuk; Kee, Seung-Jung; Kim, Soo Hyun; Shin, Myung Geun; Won, Eun Jeong; Shin, Jong Hee

doi:10.3390/jof9100979

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In this study, we found that C. auris was frequently isolated from ear discharge, rather causing a bloodstream infection or outbreak, and the isolation of C. auris was decreased during the pandemic. This might be explained by characteristics of the East Asian clade (clade II), which were inherently different from other clades [ 19 , 30 , 31 ]. A recent study suggested that several factors such as reduced thermal tolerance at 42 °C, reduced virulence in the G. mellonella model, and a reduced competitive growth ability compared to non-clade II isolates might contribute to the decreased colonization by clade II C. auris in hospital settings and at various body sites and to their absence in nosocomial transmissions [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be explained by characteristics of the East Asian clade (clade II), which were inherently different from other clades [ 19 , 30 , 31 ]. A recent study suggested that several factors such as reduced thermal tolerance at 42 °C, reduced virulence in the G. mellonella model, and a reduced competitive growth ability compared to non-clade II isolates might contribute to the decreased colonization by clade II C. auris in hospital settings and at various body sites and to their absence in nosocomial transmissions [ 31 ]. However, further surveillance should be continued considering the recent emergence of six clade I isolates of C. auris in a Korean hospital [ 31 ], harboring the potential to be a nosocomial cluster in Korea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changing Epidemiology of Clinical Isolates of Candida Species during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Data Analysis from a Korean Tertiary Care Hospital for 6 Years (2017–2022)

Won,

Sung,

Kim

2024

JoF

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This study assessed the changes in Candida species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared with a pre-pandemic period in Korea. We retrospectively investigated the specimen, species type, and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates obtained between 2016 and 2022. Data between two periods were compared: 2016–2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020–2022 (pandemic). We included 11,396 clinical isolates of Candida species (5137 isolates in the pre-pandemic and 6259 isolates in the pandemic). The most prevalent species was Candida albicans (50.4%), followed by Candida glabrata (22.7%), Candida tropicalis (12.5%), and Candida parapsilosis complex (12.5%). Their ranks were unchanged; however, their relative isolation ratios varied during the pandemic, exhibiting differences ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 across species. The incidence of candidemia increased during the pandemic (average 1.79 episodes per 10,000 patient days) compared with pre-pandemic levels (average 1.45 episodes per 10,000 patient days) in both intensive-care-unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. Additionally, C. parapsilosis complex candidemia increased by 1.6-fold during the pandemic. During the pandemic, C. albicans and C. tropicalis candidemia significantly increased by 1.5- and 1.4-fold in ICU patients. In contrast, C. parapsilosis complex candidemia surged 2.1-fold in non-ICU patients. These species exhibited reduced resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin in the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic. This study underscores the heightened incidence of Candida-related infections during the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance of Candida species epidemiology beyond the pandemic’s scope.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Epidemiology of Clinical Isolates of Candida Species during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Data Analysis from a Korean Tertiary Care Hospital for 6 Years (2017–2022)

Won,

Sung,

Kim

2024

JoF

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Xenosiderophore transporter gene expression and clade-specific filamentation inCandida auriskillifish infection

Gifford,

Bedekovic,

Helmstetter

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Candida aurisis an emerging infectious agent and World Health Organisation (WHO) critical priority fungal pathogen. Rising drug resistance, massive nosocomial outbreaks and diagnostic challenges complicate clinical treatment, resulting in a patient mortality rate of ~45%. Surprisingly, gene expression profiles ofC. aurishave not yet been described during infectionin vivo. To understand transcriptional responses during in-host infection, we developed a thermo-relevant fish embryo yolk-sac microinjection model (Aphanius dispar; Arabian killifish; AK) that mimics human body temperature. This allowed us to interrogate infection dynamics through dual host-pathogen RNA-seq at 24 and 48 h post injection (HPI) at 37 °C across the five major clades (I-V) ofC. auris. Host gene expression following infection indicated features of heat shock, complement activation, and nutritional immunity, including haem oxygenase (HMOX) expression in response to clade IV infection. We identified anin vivotranscriptional signature across five clades ofC. auristhat was highly enriched for putative xenosiderophore transmembrane transporters. We describe this newly-discovered seventeen-member xenosiderophore transporter candidate (XTC) family in terms of individual gene expression patterns, and a sub-clade of five putative haem transport-related (HTR) genes, also up-regulated during infection. Only the basal clade V isolate formed filaments during infection, coinciding with typical and atypical regulators of morphogenesis, includingUME6,HGC1, and the novel adhesinSCF1. Clades I and IV demonstrated increased virulence, coinciding with up-regulation of threeHTRgenes in clade IV, and the mating-type locus (MTL) non-mating genePIKAin both. Our study suggests thatXTCandHTRgenes may play a critical role inC. aurisvirulence, making excellent targets for further investigation and potential therapy.

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Virulence Traits and Azole Resistance in Korean Candida auris Isolates

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Changing Epidemiology of Clinical Isolates of Candida Species during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Data Analysis from a Korean Tertiary Care Hospital for 6 Years (2017–2022)

Changing Epidemiology of Clinical Isolates of Candida Species during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Data Analysis from a Korean Tertiary Care Hospital for 6 Years (2017–2022)

Xenosiderophore transporter gene expression and clade-specific filamentation inCandida auriskillifish infection

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