Viruria of Human BK Virus and John Cunningham Virus among Renal Transplant Recipients and Healthy Control in Southeast of Caspian Sea

Safaei, Fereshteh; Mohebbi, Alireza; Hassanpour, Mina; Nikoo, Hadi Razavi; Tabarraei, Alijan

doi:10.1159/000513369

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The BKPyV genotype IV is predominant in Asia. The BKPyV genotypes II and III are less prevalent and are almost rare [ 27 , 28 ]. The JCV genotypes 1 and 4 are predominant in the United States and Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BK and JC polyomaviruses and risk of urothelial bladder carcinoma: a preliminary study in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran

Taherkhani

Farshadpour

2022

Infect Agents Cancer

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Background Bladder cancer is a challenging public health concern in South of Iran because of its high prevalence and the related medical expenses. Although the exact etiology of bladder cancer remains unknown, given the cell transforming ability and oncogenic potential of the members of Polyomaviridae families, this study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCPyV) among patients with bladder cancer residents in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, South of Iran. Methods Totally 211 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in this study. Bladder biopsy samples of these patients and patients with interstitial cystitis as well as autoptic samples of healthy bladder were tested for detection of BKPyV and JCPyV by semi-nested PCR–RFLP followed by sequencing. Results BKPyV and JCPyV were detected in 1.7% and 6.1% of bladder cancer samples, respectively. These samples were infected with JCPyV genotypes 2, 3 and 6 and BKPyV genotypes I and IV. BKPyV and JCPyV coinfection was detected in 2 samples. Moreover, one of the healthy bladder samples was positive for BKPyV, and one of the interstitial cystitis samples was positive for JCPyV. Although the majority of infected patients were in the age group 70–79 years, male, residents in Tangestan, stage Ta–T1, and low-grade and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, the prevalence of BKPyV and JCPyV among patients with bladder cancer was not statistically associated with age, gender, place of residency, and stage and grade of the tumor. Conclusion Despite identifying BKPyV and JCPyV in a number of bladder cancer biopsy specimens and the high prevalence of bladder cancer among people resident in South of Iran, it is suggested that these viruses are unlikely to be effective causative factors in bladder carcinogenesis in this region. Therefore, environmental risk factors and genetic backgrounds may have a more prominent role than human polyomaviruses in the development of bladder cancer in South of Iran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BK and JC polyomaviruses and risk of urothelial bladder carcinoma: a preliminary study in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran

Taherkhani

Farshadpour

2022

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…4 However, there is evidence showing that JCV nephropathy occurs at both early and late stages after renal transplantation. 5,6 In immunocompetent individuals, JCV infection usually presents as asymptomatic infection or mild respiratory symptoms. 4,7 The reduction of immune function, especially cell-mediated changes in immune function, can lead to the reactivation of polyomaviruses and cause serious clinical consequences in immunosuppressed patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Transplant Recipients with JC Virus Infection Have Decreased Function of the Transplanted Kidney

Hieu¹,

Sy²

2022

TRRM

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We conducted a survey on the status of patients after kidney transplantation infected with JC virus (JCV), at 108 Military Central Hospital (108MCH), Vietnam, combining research on the effects of JCV infection on transplanted kidney function and understanding the risk factors for JCV infection in kidney transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: A single-center cohort study was conducted in the period from March 2021 to July 2022, using a combination of retrospective and prospective methods, with longitudinal follow-up of 94 eligible kidney transplant patients who agreed to participate, at the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 108MCH, Vietnam. Patients undergo monthly health checks and have their blood and urine tested by a real-time PCR method, with TaqMan probes (BioRad, USA). If at least one of the two specimens (blood or urine sample) is positive for JCV (when JCV is quantified in blood or urine samples at >250 copies/mL), the patient is confirmed to have JCV infection in any part or tissue of the body. Factors of JCV infection, such as age, gender, donor source, and immunosuppressive therapy, along with demographic and clinical data and JCV infection status, were analyzed using multivariable Cox-regression analysis. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was selected as an indicator of kidney function, and the difference in eGFR between JCV-infected patients and non-infected patients was compared using the t-test. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: JCV was detected in 71.3% of kidney transplant patients. Differences in eGFR were observed between the JCV-infected and non-infected patient groups (64.47±25.70 and 70.89±28.80 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for each group; independent t-test; t=−6.079; p=0.00). Factors such as kidney donor (HR=0.086; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.008-0.936; p=0.04), tacrolimus trough level (HR=1.083; 95% CI: 1.069-1.097; p=0.00), mycophenolate dose (HR=1.002; 95% CI: 1.002-1.001; p=0.00) and prednisone dose (HR=1.001; 95% CI: 1.000-1.001; p=0.00) in the trio of immunosuppressants tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + prednisone (multivariable Cox-regression analysis) are potential risk factors for JCV infection in renal transplantation. JCV infection in kidney transplant patients lowers the eGFR, leading to decreased transplant kidney function (independent t-test, p=0.00). Conclusion:The level of JCV infection in kidney transplant patients in our study is quite high (71.3%). Using an immunosuppressive regimen that uses the trio of immunosuppressants tacrolimus + MMF + prednisone, and having a donor source element are potential risk factors for JCV infection in renal transplantation. The function of the transplanted kidney is reduced by JCV infection in kidney transplant patients in the short term. The timely diagnosis and treatment of JCV can ensure the stable and long-term function of transplanted kidneys in kidney transplant patients.

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“…However, the renal recipients faced a greater risk for infections owing to sufficient immunosuppression. Immunosuppression therapy is a notable factor leading to an increased incidence of polyomavirus-associated diseases [ 3 ]. A low dose of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (1 mg/kg/day for 4 days) lowers survival free of CMV than basiliximab at a dose of 20 mg on day −0 and day −4 post-transplant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruria usually results in an asymptomatic infection that hides in the urinary tract [ 4 ]. JCV and BKV are 2 of 5 human polyomaviruses associated with clinical disease [ 3 , 5 ]. BKV in urine is one of the early markers of risk for BK viremia and nephropathy [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Polyomavirus, Cytomegalovirus, and Viruria Co-Infection for Follow-Up of Renal Transplant Patients

Hieu

2022

Ann Transplant

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Background The interaction of viral infection may be associated with increased morbidity after renal transplantation. This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of viruria infections in renal transplant recipients. Material/Methods In this longitudinal study, 502 episodes recorded in 81 kidney transplant patients from 1/2019 to 12/2021 in a hospital in Vietnam were included. BK, JC polyomaviruses, CMV, EBV, and HSV were detected. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for the viruria infection. Results Fifty-six patients (69.1%) had viruria co-infection. The incidence of JC, CMV, and BK infection was the most common viruria, with 67.9%, 61.7%, and 56.8%, respectively. Cox regression revealed that the risk factors for JC were single infection, dose of MMF (HR 1.002), corticoid (HR 1.02), hypertension (HR 1.65), and hematuria (HR 2.03); risk factors for CMV infection were male sex (HR 1.92) and eGFR (HR 0.98); risk factors for BK single infection were hypertension (HR 1.67), proteinuria (HR 3.80), higher tacrolimus trough level (HR 1.17), and dose of MMF (HR 1.002). Hypertension (HR 1.68), fasting plasma glucose (HR 1.13), proteinuria (HR 6.01), tacrolimus trough level (HR 1.12), and dose of MMF (HR 1.004) were independent risk factors for the viruria co-infection. Conclusions Kidney function was associated with the incidence of viruria. Higher tacrolimus trough level and dose of MMF were associated with higher risk of BK, JC, and co-infection.

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Viruria of Human BK Virus and John Cunningham Virus among Renal Transplant Recipients and Healthy Control in Southeast of Caspian Sea

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

BK and JC polyomaviruses and risk of urothelial bladder carcinoma: a preliminary study in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran

BK and JC polyomaviruses and risk of urothelial bladder carcinoma: a preliminary study in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran

Kidney Transplant Recipients with JC Virus Infection Have Decreased Function of the Transplanted Kidney

Risk Factors for Polyomavirus, Cytomegalovirus, and Viruria Co-Infection for Follow-Up of Renal Transplant Patients

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