Virus Diagnostics and Antiviral Therapy in Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN)

Rautenberg, Peter; Hillenkamp, Jost; Grancicova, Livia; Nölle, Bernhard; Roider, Johann; Fickenscher, Helmut

doi:10.5772/34141

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…ARN due to HSV2 is usually seen in younger patients, whereas ARN due to HSV1 and VZV tends to be in the older population. Detection of virus DNA allows early antiviral treatment, which can limit disease progression and the risk for complications and involvement of the fellow eye . If there is severe vitritis, intravenous fluroescein angiography can provide useful information to determine the cause of central visual loss and extent of the infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute retinal necrosis results in low vision in a young patient with a history of herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Shahi¹

2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis, is a rare syndrome that can present in healthy individuals, as well as immuno-compromised patients. Most cases are caused by a secondary infection from the herpes virus family, with varicella zoster virus being the leading cause of this syndrome. Potential symptoms include blurry vision, floaters, ocular pain and photophobia. Ocular findings may consist of severe uveitis, retinal vasculitis, retinal necrosis, papillitis and retinal detachment. Clinical manifestations of this disease may include increased intraocular pressure, optic disc oedema, optic neuropathy and sheathed retinal arterioles. A complete work up is essential to rule out cytomegalovirus retinitis, herpes simplex encephalitis, herpes virus, syphilis, posterior uveitis and other conditions. Depending on the severity of the disease, the treatment options consist of anticoagulation therapy, cycloplegia, intravenous acyclovir, systemic steroids, prophylactic laser photocoagulation and pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil for retinal detachment. An extensive history and clinical examination is crucial in making the correct diagnosis. Also, it is very important to be aware of low vision needs and refer the patients, if expressing any sort of functional issues with completing daily living skills, especially reading. In this article, we report one case of unilateral ARN 20 years after herpetic encephalitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute retinal necrosis results in low vision in a young patient with a history of herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Shahi¹

2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…The first clinical reports were published by Urayama in 1971 under the designation Kirisawa uveitis. In 1978, the term acute retinal necrosis was introduced by Young and Bird [1,2].…”

Section: Virus-induced Retinitis 21 Acute Retinal Necrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral reactivation occurs due to poorly defined stressors such as ultraviolet light, neurosurgical procedures, or steroid or immunspuppressive therapy. Virus reactivation is followed by peripheral viral replication and usually results in herpes zoster, herpes orofacialis, herpes genitalis, or in rare cases also in zoster ophthalmicus or herpes oculi [2,3].…”

Section: Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This first phase is followed by a second phase in which retinal atrophy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and retinal detachment occur [4]. While some studies have found ARN to be unilateral in nearly 90% of cases, other studies report bilateral involvement in up to one-third of cases [2][3][4]. In any case, ARN that initially occurs unilaterally may spread to the contralateral eye.…”

Section: Clinical Peculiaritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the dose must be adjusted in patients with impaired renal function. Both foscarnet and cidofovir must be administered intravenously due to their low oral bioavailability of 20% and 5%, respectively; recommended dosing is 60 mg/kg three times daily and 5 mg/kg over 1 h once weekly for 2 weeks [2,12].…”

Section: Clinical Peculiaritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Retinitis Due to Infections

Rose¹,

Gorin²,

Voß³

et al. 2023

Medical and Surgical Retina - Recent Innovation, New Perspective, and Applications

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Infections are a major cause for retinitis. Whereas Varicella-Zoster and Herpes Simplex viruses are the major reason for acute retinal necrosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis typically occurs in immunocompromised patients. Toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis are the major parasitic pathogens affecting the retina and adjacent tissues. Among the bacterial causes, tuberculosis, syphilis, and bartonellosis are discussed as retinal diseases. The emphasis is laid on the epidemiological and clinical peculiarities, the respective diagnostic procedures, and the therapeutic approaches. Moreover, global disease aspects of infectious retinitis are included.

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Virus Diagnostics and Antiviral Therapy in Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN)

Cited by 2 publications

References 104 publications

Acute retinal necrosis results in low vision in a young patient with a history of herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Acute retinal necrosis results in low vision in a young patient with a history of herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Retinitis Due to Infections

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