Virus–host interactions in salt lakes

Porter, Kate; Russ, Brendan E.; Dyall‐Smith, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.05.017

Cited by 72 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The diversity of virion morphotypes associated with euryarchaeal hosts is considered to be less pronounced than that of crenarchaeal viruses (212,213). Indeed, all currently isolated viruses of euryarchaea fall into three morphological groups: (i) head and tail (resembling bacterial viruses of the order Caudovirales), (ii) tailless icosahedral, and (iii) spindle shaped/ pleomorphic (212,236).…”

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, all currently isolated viruses of euryarchaea fall into three morphological groups: (i) head and tail (resembling bacterial viruses of the order Caudovirales), (ii) tailless icosahedral, and (iii) spindle shaped/ pleomorphic (212,236). However, a recent sampling of the viral diversity in saltern ponds, a beloved habitat of halophilic archaea, unveiled that our current knowledge of the diversity of euryarchaeal viruses is far from complete; viral morphotypes previously thought to be specific to crenarchaeal viruses are also present in hypersaline environments (252).…”

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Krupovìč

Prangishvili

Hendrix

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

218

176

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SUMMARY Prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea, are the most abundant cellular organisms among those sharing the planet Earth with human beings (among others). However, numerous ecological studies have revealed that it is actually prokaryotic viruses that predominate on our planet and outnumber their hosts by at least an order of magnitude. An understanding of how this viral domain is organized and what are the mechanisms governing its evolution is therefore of great interest and importance. The vast majority of characterized prokaryotic viruses belong to the order Caudovirales, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages with tails. Consequently, these viruses have been studied (and reviewed) extensively from both genomic and functional perspectives. However, albeit numerous, tailed phages represent only a minor fraction of the prokaryotic virus diversity. Therefore, the knowledge which has been generated for this viral system does not offer a comprehensive view of the prokaryotic virosphere. In this review, we discuss all families of bacterial and archaeal viruses that contain more than one characterized member and for which evolutionary conclusions can be attempted by use of comparative genomic analysis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms of their genome evolution as well as on the relationships between different viral groups and plasmids. It becomes clear that evolutionary mechanisms shaping the genomes of prokaryotic viruses vary between different families and depend on the type of the nucleic acid, characteristics of the virion structure, as well as the mode of the life cycle. We also point out that horizontal gene transfer is not equally prevalent in different virus families and is not uniformly unrestricted for diverse viral functions.

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Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Euryarchaeal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Krupovìč

Prangishvili

Hendrix

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

218

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Functional studies proved to be highly challenging due to the lack of similarity between the protein sequences and structures of archaeal viruses and those from other viruses and cellular organisms (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Among the morphotypes that are exclusively associated with archaea, spindle-shaped viruses are particularly widespread (11) and have been isolated from highly different environments, including deep-sea hydrothermal vents (12)(13)(14), hypersaline environments (15)(16)(17)(18), anoxic freshwaters (19), cold Antarctic lakes (20), terrestrial hot springs (21)(22)(23), and acidic mines (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1 Contains Glycosylated Capsid Proteins, a Cellular Chromatin Protein, and Host-Derived Lipids

Quemin

Pietilä

Oksanen

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Geothermal and hypersaline environments are rich in virus-like particles, among which spindle-shaped morphotypes dominate. Currently, viruses with spindle-or lemon-shaped virions are exclusive to Archaea and belong to two distinct viral families. The larger of the two families, the Fuselloviridae, comprises tail-less, spindle-shaped viruses, which infect hosts from phylogenetically distant archaeal lineages. Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 (SSV1) is the best known member of the family and was one of the first hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses to be isolated. SSV1 is an attractive model for understanding virus-host interactions in Archaea; however, the constituents and architecture of SSV1 particles remain only partially characterized. Here, we have conducted an extensive biochemical characterization of highly purified SSV1 virions and identified four virus-encoded structural proteins, VP1 to VP4, as well as one DNA-binding protein of cellular origin. The virion proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 undergo posttranslational modification by glycosylation, seemingly at multiple sites. VP1 is also proteolytically processed. In addition to the viral DNA-binding protein VP2, we show that viral particles contain the Sulfolobus solfataricus chromatin protein Sso7d. Finally, we provide evidence indicating that SSV1 virions contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, resolving a long-standing debate on the presence of lipids within SSV1 virions. A comparison of the contents of lipids isolated from the virus and its host cell suggests that GDGTs are acquired by the virus in a selective manner from the host cytoplasmic membrane, likely during progeny egress. Viruses infecting extremophilic archaea have evolved to withstand very high temperatures, low or high pH, or near-saturating salt concentrations (1-5). Remarkably, most of these viruses do not seem to be evolutionarily related to viruses of bacteria or eukaryotes and display a considerable diversity of unique virion morphotypes (3, 4). Indeed, 11 novel viral families have been established by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for the classification of archaeal viruses, emphasizing the uniqueness of rod-shaped, spindle-shaped, dropletshaped, or even bottle-shaped particles that have never been observed among viruses infecting bacteria or eukaryotes (3). Functional studies proved to be highly challenging due to the lack of similarity between the protein sequences and structures of archaeal viruses and those from other viruses and cellular organisms (6-10). Among the morphotypes that are exclusively associated with archaea, spindle-shaped viruses are particularly widespread (11) and have been isolated from highly different environments, including deep-sea hydrothermal vents (12-14), hypersaline environments (15-18), anoxic freshwaters (19), cold Antarctic lakes (20), terrestrial hot springs (21-23), and acidic mines (24).Recently, we refined the evolutionary relationships among spindle-shaped viruses by assessing the morph...

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“…Similarly, spindle-shaped and spherical virus-like particles (VLPs) dominate in hypersaline environments [6,10,11]. Head-tail VLPs are relatively uncommon in archaeal-rich environments, although their proviruses have been detected in several sequenced genomes of halo-and methanoarchaea [6,12].…”

Section: Remarkable Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analo- gous process occurs in bacteria, and as indicated above for archaea where infected cells become virion factories as the cellular genome and proteins are degraded and utilised by propagating viruses, at which point the host can no longer be considered a cellular organism. Despite the complex virion factories observed for STIV1 and SIRV2, most studies on the crenarchaeal and haloviruses suggest that persistent and stable viral infections are common and that viruses extrude from cells without causing lysis (e.g., [4,6,43]). Moreover, this view of continual viral release, without accompanying lysis, is consistent with ar-chaea carrying a cell membrane coated by a thin glycoprotein surface layer in contrast to the rigid peptidoglycan cells walls of bacteria.…”

Section: Virion Packaging and Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeal viruses—novel, diverse and enigmatic

Peng

Garrett

She

2012

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Recent research has revealed a remarkable diversity of viruses in archaeal-rich environments where spindles, spheres, filaments and rods are common, together with other exceptional morphotypes never recorded previously. Moreover, their double-stranded DNA genomes carry very few genes exhibiting homology to those of bacterial and eukaryal viruses. Studies on viral life cycles are still at a preliminary stage but important insights are being gained especially from microarray analyses of viral transcripts for a few model virus-host systems. Recently, evidence has been presented for some exceptional archaealnspecific mechanisms for extra-cellular morphological development of virions and for their cellular extrusion. Here we summarise some of the recent developments in this rapidly developing and exciting research area. virus morphotypes, diversity and evolution, life cycle, temporal regulation, cellular extrusion mechanism

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Virus–host interactions in salt lakes

Cited by 72 publications

References 47 publications

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1 Contains Glycosylated Capsid Proteins, a Cellular Chromatin Protein, and Host-Derived Lipids

Archaeal viruses—novel, diverse and enigmatic

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