Virus latency: Heterogeneity of host-virus interaction in shaping the virosphere

Chofong, Gilbert Nchongboh; Minárovits, János; Richert-Pöggeler, Katja

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821629-3.00016-6

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Vitis is highly susceptible to virus infections. The vegetative propagation of grapevines has resulted in virus transmission from generation to generation, and virus titers have accumulated as a result of repeated propagation events [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Along with inducing increased susceptibility to other pathogens, viral diseases can cause economic losses as a result of their negative effects on yield and quality [ 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grapevine Shoot Tip Cryopreservation and Cryotherapy: Secure Storage of Disease-Free Plants

Bettoni

Marković

et al. 2021

Plants

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Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Grapevine breeding programs require access to high-quality Vitis cultivars and wild species, which may be maintained within genebanks. Shoot tip cryopreservation is a valuable technique for the safe, long-term conservation of Vitis genetic resources that complements traditional field and in vitro germplasm collections. Vitis is highly susceptible to virus infections. Virus-free plants are required as propagation material for clonally propagated germplasm, and also for the global exchange of grapevine genetic resources. Shoot tip cryotherapy, a method based on cryopreservation, has proven to be effective in eradicating viruses from infected plants, including grapevine. This comprehensive review outlines/documents the advances in Vitis shoot tip cryopreservation and cryotherapy that have resulted in healthy plants with high regrowth levels across diverse Vitis species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grapevine Shoot Tip Cryopreservation and Cryotherapy: Secure Storage of Disease-Free Plants

Bettoni

Marković

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…leaves, analyzed by HTS, revealed a new virus belonging to the Partitiviridae family named the Galphimia cryptic virus (GCV). Because the viral agent does not cause symptoms in the host plants, it was classified as a latent, a cryptic, or an asymptomatic virus [ 18 ]. When these types of virus-infected plants have developed the latency period, in which no viral replication occurs, usually there are low copy numbers of the viral particles and the viruses remain in a silenced status [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Cryptic Virus Isolated from Galphimia spp. in Mexico

Iglesias,

Stevens,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Galphimia spp. is a plant employed in traditional medicine in Mexico because of its anxiolytic and sedative effects. Viruses have been associated with different alterations in plants, although asymptomatic agents (i.e., cryptic viruses) are also known. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows for the detection of pathogenic and non-pathogenic viral agents in plants, including potential novel viruses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viral agents in two populations of Galphimia spp. by HTS. Sequencing was conducted on an Illumina NextSeq 550 platform, and a putative novel virus was identified. Two contigs showed homology to partitiviruses, and these encoded the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and coat protein. These proteins showed the highest identities with orthologs in the recently discovered Vitis cryptic virus. A phylogenetic analysis of both RNAs showed that the new virus clusters into the monophyletic genus Deltapartitivirus along with other plant-infecting viruses. The result of the HTS analysis was validated by conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. A novel virus was discovered in a symptomless Galphimia spp. plant and tentatively named the Galphimia cryptic virus (GCV). This is the first virus discovered in medicinal plants in Mexico.

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“…The 1000-fold range in virus abundance (Figure 3) would be interesting to put into context with participation in both infection and symptom expression. The consequences of the virus presence will be especially important for risk assessment for ornamental plants, where viruses such as PVM are known to be latent (Richert-Pöggeler et al, 2015;Chofong et al, 2021), and planting material may be transported over long distances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput RNA sequencing discovers symptomatic and latent viruses: an example from ornamental Hibiscus

Zhou

Richert-Poeggeler

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Hibiscus, Malvaceae) is an ornamental species grown widely in amenity plantings. We collected leaves on an urban roadside pavement (sidewalk) near a market in Guangzhou which showed multiple symptoms of leaf rolling, deformation and chlorosis. Initial evaluation by electron microscopy using negative staining of drip preparations revealed the presence of tobamovirus-like particles. Total RNA was extracted, and, unusually, without any RNA selection based on sequence, was used for cDNA library construction and high-throughput survey sequencing. From the 814 Mb of clean sequence data (from 2,712,161 paired reads of 150 bp) reads representing chloroplast, ribosomal, and mitochondrial genes were filtered out, eliminating 79.1% of reads. 1,135,848 x 150 bp of the sequence was retained and screened for viral sequences. Assembly of these sequences detected nine virus species from seven virus genera comprising three tobamoviruses, namely, Tobacco mosaic virus, Tobacco mild green mosaic virus and Hibiscus latent Singapore virus, Turnip mosaic virus (Potyvirus), Potato virus M (Carlavirus), Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (Betacarmovirus), Fabavirus sp (Fabavirus), Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (Begomovirus) and a putative mitoviruses replicating in mitochondria, Chenopodium quinoa mitovirus 1. Mapping the reads to complete virus reference sequences showed high and uniform coverage of the genomes from 3,729x coverage for Turnip mosaic virus to 22x for Cotton leaf curl Multan virus. By comparison, nuclear reference genes actin showed 14x coverage and polyubiquitin 27x. Notable variants from reference sequences (SNPs) were identified. With the low cost of sequencing and potential for semi-automated bioinformatic pipelines, the whole-RNA approach has huge potential for identifying multiple undiagnosed viruses in ornamental plants, resulting in the ability to take preventive measures in production facilities against spread and to product quality for the mutual benefit of producers and consumers.

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Virus latency: Heterogeneity of host-virus interaction in shaping the virosphere

Cited by 6 publications

References 106 publications

Grapevine Shoot Tip Cryopreservation and Cryotherapy: Secure Storage of Disease-Free Plants

Grapevine Shoot Tip Cryopreservation and Cryotherapy: Secure Storage of Disease-Free Plants

A Novel Cryptic Virus Isolated from Galphimia spp. in Mexico

High throughput RNA sequencing discovers symptomatic and latent viruses: an example from ornamental Hibiscus

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