Virus neutralising activity of African fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) sera against emerging lyssaviruses

Wright, Edward; Hayman, David T. S.; Vaughan, Aisling; Temperton, Nigel; Wood, James; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Suu‐Ire, Richard; Weiss, Robin A.; Fooks, Anthony R.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2010.09.014

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Lyssaviruses have a strong association with bats and it seems peculiar that MOKV may be the only exception in this regard - among all the other members of the genus. Indeed, virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA), neutralizing both LBV and MOKV have been detected in sera from frugivorous bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus and Eidolon helvum ) [54], [55], [56]. However, belonging to the same phylogroup II, LBV and MOKV have been reported to cross react in serological assays [7], [24], [45], [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Epidemiology of Mokola Virus

et al. 2013

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Mokola virus (MOKV) appears to be exclusive to Africa. Although the first isolates were from Nigeria and other Congo basin countries, all reports over the past 20 years have been from southern Africa. Previous phylogenetic studies analyzed few isolates or used partial gene sequence for analysis since limited sequence information is available for MOKV and the isolates were distributed among various laboratories. The complete nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix and glycoprotein genes of 18 MOKV isolates in various laboratories were sequenced either using partial or full genome sequencing using pyrosequencing and a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken. The results indicated that MOKV isolates from the Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Central African Republic and Nigeria clustered according to geographic origin irrespective of the genes used for phylogenetic analysis, similar to that observed with Lagos bat virus. A Bayesian Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo- (MCMC) analysis revealed the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of MOKV to be between 279 and 2034 years depending on the genes used. Generally, all MOKV isolates showed a similar pattern at the amino acid sites considered influential for viral properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Epidemiology of Mokola Virus

et al. 2013

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“…These include Ebola virus (Wool-Lewis and Bates, 1998; Ito et al, 2001), hepatitis C (Bartosch et al, 2003; Hsu et al, 2003), SARS coronavirus (Nie et al, 2004; Temperton et al, 2005), rabies and lyssaviruses (Wright et al, 2008; 2009; 2010) as well as avian influenza viruses (Temperton et al, 2007). In contrast to the native viruses, their pseudotype counterparts can be handled in BSL1/2 facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of equine influenza pseudotypes for serological screening

Scott

Molesti²,

Temperton³

et al. 2012

J Mol Genet Med

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Standard assays used for influenza serology present certain practical issues, such as inter-laboratory variability, complex protocols and the necessity for handling certain virus strains in high biological containment facilities. In an attempt to address this, avian and human influenza HA pseudotyped retroviruses have been successfully employed in antibody neutralization assays. In this study we generated an equine influenza pseudotyped lentivirus for serological screening. This was achieved by co-transfection of HEK293T cells with plasmids expressing the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of an H3N8 subtype equine influenza virus strain, HIV gag-pol and firefly luciferase reporter genes and harvesting virus from supernatant. In order to produce infective pseudotype particles it was necessary to additionally co-transfect a plasmid encoding the TMPRSS2 endoprotease to cleave the HA. High titre pseudotype virus (PV) was then used in PV antibody neutralization assays (PVNAs) to successfully distinguish between vaccinated and non-vaccinated equines. The sera were also screened by single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay. There was a 65% correlation between the results of the two assays, with the PVNA assay appearing slightly more sensitive. Future work will extend the testing of the PVNA with a larger number of serum samples to assess sensitivity/specificity, inter/intra-laboratory variability and to define a protective titre.

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“…Whether these factors affect cross‐species transmission of other lyssaviruses within Chiroptera, or from bats to other mammals, is not known, because isolations are often few and serological findings may be due to cross‐reactivity between related species or variants, complicating interpretation (e.g. Wright et al., 2010). European bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2 (EBLV‐1, EBLV‐2) appear to show a very narrow host range in Europe.…”

Section: Multispecies Multipathogen Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Bats: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Hayman

Bowen

Cryan

et al. 2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

177

172

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Bats are hosts to a range of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens. Human activities that increase exposure to bats will likely increase the opportunity for infections to spill over in the future. Ecological drivers of pathogen spillover and emergence in novel hosts, including humans, involve a complex mixture of processes, and understanding these complexities may aid in predicting spillover. In particular, only once the pathogen and host ecologies are known can the impacts of anthropogenic changes be fully appreciated. Cross-disciplinary approaches are required to understand how host and pathogen ecology interact. Bats differ from other sylvatic disease reservoirs because of their unique and diverse lifestyles, including their ability to fly, often highly gregarious social structures, long lifespans and low fecundity rates. We highlight how these traits may affect infection dynamics and how both host and pathogen traits may interact to affect infection dynamics. We identify key questions relating to the ecology of infectious diseases in bats and propose that a combination of field and laboratory studies are needed to create data-driven mechanistic models to elucidate those aspects of bat ecology that are most critical to the dynamics of emerging bat viruses. If commonalities can be found, then predicting the dynamics of newly emerging diseases may be possible. This modelling approach will be particularly important in scenarios when population surveillance data are unavailable and when it is unclear which aspects of host ecology are driving infection dynamics.

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Virus neutralising activity of African fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) sera against emerging lyssaviruses

Cited by 53 publications

References 60 publications

Diversity and Epidemiology of Mokola Virus

Diversity and Epidemiology of Mokola Virus

The use of equine influenza pseudotypes for serological screening

Ecology of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Bats: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

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