Virus resistance of Australian pea (Pisum sativum) varieties

Abstract

Australian pea varieties were evaluated for virus resistance using spreader plots sown with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV)-infected seed and aphid inoculations with Bean leafroll virus (BLRV). Natural infections by Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) allowed also screening for these viruses. Complete PSbMV resistance was limited to a few varieties, but BYMV resistance was relatively frequent. No consistent ranking of partial PSbMV resistance or PSbMV seed transmission rates were found. Selection for partial resistance to PSbMV is therefore not a practical breeding objective, while incorporating complete resistance is relatively easy. A wide range of resistance was found for BLRV and confirmed in field and greenhouse tests against local BLRV strains in Syria, but infection levels varied over years and no complete resistance was identified. Genotypes with a high level of partial resistance to BLRV also appeared to show resistance to the closely related SbDV.

Control of Plant Virus Diseases in Cool-Season Grain Legume Crops

“…It was also found at a surprising high incidence in an evaluation for virus resistance in Australian field pea cultivars (van Leur, Kumari, et al, 2013), possibly resulting from the use of US cultivars as parents in the Australian pea breeding programs.…”

“…Baggett and Hampton (1991) did not exclude the possibility of additional, additive, genes for BLRV resistance. van Leur, Kumari, et al (2013) quantified BLRV resistance in Australian pea cultivars, but did not find immunity. Crampton and Watts (1968) in New Zealand concluded that resistance to pea leaf-roll/top-yellows (likely a combination of BWYV and SbDV) was based on additive and dominant genes.…”

“…For example, sbm2 is linked to, or the same as, the mo BYMV resistance gene. In addition to the complete resistance coded by the sbm genes, a wide range of partial PSbMV resistance can be observed among different pea genotypes (Latham & Jones, 2001a, 2001bvan Leur, Kumari, Aftab, Leonforte, & Moore, 2013). Resistance to seed transmission in particular would be highly effective in controlling the virus, as the magnitude of field infection and virus-induced losses depend to a large extent on the initial inoculum provided by PSbMV-infected seed (Coutts et al, 2009).…”

“…PSbMV Recessive Hagedorn and Gritton (1973), Provvidenti and Alconero (1988), Gao et al (2004) En PEMV Dominant Schroeder and Barton (1958) cyv,cyv-2 ClYVV Recessive Provvidenti (1987) Lupin Ncm-1 CMV Dominant Jones and Latham (1996), Jones and Burchell (2004) Nbm-1 BYMV Dominant Cheng and Jones (2000), Cheng, Jones, and Thackray (2002), Thackray, Smith, Cheng, Perry, and Jones (2002), Jones and Smith (2005) Note: Additional useful references that cover resistances to several viruses in faba bean are those of Schmidt, Geissler, Karl, and Schmidt, 1986;Schmidt, Carl, and Meyer, 1988;Schmidt, Meyer, Haack, and Karl, 1989. Differences among pea genotypes in PSbMV seed-to-plant transmission were found to vary greatly between growing seasons, so selection for resistance to seed transmission might not prove a practical objective (van Leur, Kumari, et al, 2013). Less attention has been given to PSbMV resistance in lentils, even though PSbMV causes a major problem in traditional lentil growing regions in the Mediterranean region, Indian subcontinent, and Ethiopia.…”

Identification of seed-borne Pea seed-borne mosaic virus in lentil (Lens culinaris) germplasm and strategies to avoid its introduction in commercial Australian lentil fields

“…In the absence of alternative hosts, epidemic development of PSbMV in commercial crops has to rely on seed transmission to survive crop free periods. In Australia, very high levels of PSbMV seed transmission have been found in several field pea cultivars (Coutts et al 2009;van Leur et al 2013) and incidences in pea crops were found to be related to infection rates in the seed used, both in experiments (Coutts et al 2009) and in commercial fields (Freeman et al 2013). Low levels of transmission through lentil seed has been found under experimental conditions (Coutts et al 2008), but not in commercial seed lots and PSbMV plant infection in lentil fields is invariable related to nearby infection in pea fields (Aftab and Freeman, unpublished results).…”