Viruses and apoptosis.

O'Brien, Vincent

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-8-1833

Cited by 308 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Virus infection has been observed to be associated with apoptosis [8][9][10][11], and the molecular mechanisms and signal pathways have been disclosed in virus infection of mammal cells [12,13]. Apoptosis of fish cells can be also triggered by virus infection [14][15][16], but systematic studies on mitochondrial dynamics and the molecular mechanisms are very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis induced by Rana grylio virus infection in fish cells

Huang

Gui

et al. 2007

Apoptosis

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A fish cell line, fathead minnow (FHM) cell, was used to investigate the alteration of mitochondrial dynamics and the mechanism of apoptosis under Rana grylio virus (RGV) infection. Microscopy observations, flow-cytometry analysis and molecular marker detection revealed the apoptotic fate of the RGV-infected cells. Some typical apoptotic characteristics, such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial fragmentation, were observed, and significantly morphological changes of mitochondria, including size, shape, internal structure and distribution, were revealed. The mitochondria in RGV-infected cells were aggregated around the viromatrix, and the aggregation could be blocked by colchicine. Moreover, the Dwm collapse was induced, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated in the RGV-infected cells. In addition, NF-jB activation and intracellular Ca 2+ increase were also detected at different times after infection. The data revealed the detailed dynamics of mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis induced by an iridovirus, and provided the first report on mitochondrial fragmentation during virus-induced apoptosis in fish cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis induced by Rana grylio virus infection in fish cells

Huang

Gui

et al. 2007

Apoptosis

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“…Viruses have evolved novel mechanisms to prevent apoptosis of their host cell and thereby promote virus multiplication (O'Brien, 1998;Roulston et al, 1999). To date, two distinct types of apoptotic suppressor, represented by P35 and the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), have been identi®ed in the invertebrate baculoviruses (Clem, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baculovirus apoptotic suppressor P49 is a substrate inhibitor of initiator caspases resistant to P35 in vivo

Zoog¹

2002

The EMBO Journal

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Caspases play a critical role in the execution of metazoan apoptosis and are thus attractive therapeutic targets for apoptosis-associated diseases. Here we report that baculovirus P49, a homolog of pancaspase inhibitor P35, prevents apoptosis in invertebrates by inhibiting an initiator caspase that is P35 insensitive. Consequently P49 blocked proteolytic activation of effector caspases at a unique step upstream from that affected by P35 but downstream from inhibitor of apoptosis Op-IAP. Like P35, P49 was cleaved by and stably associated with its caspase target. Ectopically expressed P49 blocked apoptosis in cultured cells from a phylogenetically distinct organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Furthermore, P49 inhibited human caspase-9, demonstrating its capacity to affect a vertebrate initiator caspase. Thus, P49 is a substrate inhibitor with a novel in vivo speci®city for a P35-insensitive initiator caspase that functions at an evolutionarily conserved step in the caspase cascade. These data indicate that activated initiator caspases provide another effective target for apoptotic intervention by substrate inhibitors.

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“…Several DNA tumour viruses encode proteins that interact with key regulators of the cell cycle to block apoptosis by inactivation of the tumour suppressor protein p53. Examples include (i) blocking of p53 transcriptional activity following binding of adenovirus E1B 55 kDa protein to p53, (ii) targetting p53 for accelerated degradation by human papillomavirus E6 protein and (iii) blocking of p53 DNA-binding activity mediated by SV40 large T-antigen (Muro-Cacho et al, 1995 ;O'Brien, 1998). Conversely, apoptosis can be blocked independently of tumour suppressor protein inactivation, as exemplified by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1-encoded serine\threonine kinase U S 3 (Leopardi et al, 1997) and the lack of programmed cell death as a consequence of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection when using p53 -BHK cells (Glasgow et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella virus-induced cytopathic effect in vitro is caused by apoptosis.

Hofmann

Pletz

Liebert

1999

Journal of General Virology

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Rubella virus (RV) generally causes a mild disease but it is highly teratogenic when infection occurs during the first trimester of gestation. Under in vitro conditions, RV induces characteristic cytopathic changes on several cell lines, e.g. cell detachment from the monolayer and condensation of chromatin. The purpose of this study was to characterize RV-induced cell death and to determine the factors that might be involved in this process. Both acutely and persistently infected cells exhibited alterations characteristic of apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation, annexin V staining and reduced DNA content. UV-inactivated RV did not induce apoptotic cell death and expression of RV structural proteins in a transfected cell line was not sufficient to induce apoptosis, supporting the interpretation that replicating virus is necessary to provoke apoptosis. Both persistently infected and 24S-transfected cells retained their susceptibility to undergo apoptosis in response to either staurosporine or camptothecin. This indicates that RV does not block chemically induced apoptosis. The signals involved in RV-associated apoptosis appear to be independent of p53 and of the Bcl-2 gene family.

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Viruses and apoptosis.

Cited by 308 publications

References 144 publications

Mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis induced by Rana grylio virus infection in fish cells

Mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis induced by Rana grylio virus infection in fish cells

Baculovirus apoptotic suppressor P49 is a substrate inhibitor of initiator caspases resistant to P35 in vivo

Rubella virus-induced cytopathic effect in vitro is caused by apoptosis.

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