Viruses and renal carcinoma of Rana pipiens

Granoff, Allan; Came, Paul E.; Breeze, David C.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(66)90203-0

Cited by 147 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Seasonal patterns in adult infection with Bd (and perhaps ranavirus) appear to be largely temperature-driven, and the environmental conditions we recorded during this investigation fell near those optimal for growth and reproduction in culture, for both pathogens (average water and air temperatures measured 23.3 C and 21.5 C, respectively). Exposure to 32 C for four hours is lethal to Bd [27] and replication of the type ranavirus, FV3 ceases at 33 C [28]. Although 43/45 aquatic bodies measured less than 32 C when water was sampled during daylight hours, it is conceivable that hostile conditions may have occurred prior to our visit and influenced pathogen abundance and detectability during our survey, as suggested by Murray et al (2013) [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although elevated temperatures threaten the survival of both Bd [27] and ranavirus [28], we specifically targeted cooler habitats where conditions favored pathogen survival. Further, we believed that the frequent physical contact and water exposure during this breeding season might increase rates of transmission, the amount of time pathogens can be shed into the water, the number of amphibians that could be easily located to create a large sample pool, and hence increase detectability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Response to Evaluate the Presence of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus in Wild Amphibian Populations in Madagascar

et al. 2015

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We performed a rapid response investigation to evaluate the presence and distribution of amphibian pathogens in Madagascar following our identification of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) and ranavirus in commercially exported amphibians. This targeted risk-based field surveillance program was conducted from February to April 2014 encompassing 12 regions and 47 survey sites. We simultaneously collected amphibian and environmental samples to increase survey sensitivity and performed sampling both in wilderness areas and commercial amphibian trade facilities. Bd was not detected in any of 508 amphibian skin swabs or 68 water filter samples, suggesting pathogen prevalence was below 0.8%, with 95% confidence during our visit. Ranavirus was detected in 5 of 97 amphibians, including one adult Mantidactylus cowanii and three unidentified larvae from Ranomafana National Park, and one adult Mantidactylus mocquardi from Ankaratra. Ranavirus was also detected in water samples collected from two commercial amphibian export facilities. We also provide the first report of an amphibian mass-mortality event observed in wild amphibians in Madagascar. Although neither Bd nor ranavirus appeared widespread in Madagascar during this investigation, additional health surveys are required to disentangle potential seasonal variations in pathogen abundance and detectability from actual changes in pathogen distribution and rates of spread. Accordingly, our results should be conservatively interpreted until a comparable survey effort during winter months has been performed. It is imperative that biosecurity practices be immediately adopted to limit the unintentional increased spread of disease through the movement of contaminated equipment or direct disposal of contaminated material from wildlife trade facilities. The presence of potentially introduced strains of ranaviruses suggests that Madagascar's reptile species might also be threatened by disease. Standardized population monitoring of key amphibian and reptile species should be established with urgency to enable early detection of potential impacts of disease emergence in this global biodiversity hotspot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Response to Evaluate the Presence of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus in Wild Amphibian Populations in Madagascar

et al. 2015

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“…Herpesvirus development was also induced in eye c h a m k transplants from these "virus-fm" primary tumors. Results indicate that the two 2 A different fir% virus (24, 25), found 0ccaSionally in the cytoplasm (never in the nucleus) of tumor c d s and also isolated from n o r d frog tissues, has been cultured successfully (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes-Type Virus Recovery from "Virus-Free" Frog Kidney Tumors

Mizell

Stackpole

Halperen

1968

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Spontaneous renal adenocarcinomas of Rana pipiens exist in two seasonal forms within the same populations of northern United States frogs. Tumors from animals collected in winter monlths display negligible mitotic activity and contain numerous cells characterized by enlarged nuclei with marginated chromatin and Cowdry (1) type A inclusions. A constant association of herpes-type virus with inclusion-conltaining cells has been demonstrated by electron microscopic studies of these naturally occurring winter tumors (2,3). In contrast, tumors from summer frogs are mitotically aotive and lack viral inclusioncontaining cells. These observations have led to the postulation of suggested life cycles for the Luck6 frog tumor (4) and for its associated virus ( 5 ) .This tumor dichotomy appears to be a temperature-related phenomenon: tumors arising in laboratory-housed frogs, regardless of season, display "summer" morphology when host animah are maintained at 2&26OC, or "winter" morphology when maintained at 5°C (6). The dependence of winter tumor m rphology upon low temperature was further substantiated by studies in which tumors with typical " s u m w " morphology developed "winter" characteristics (including intranuclear inclusions) after the tumor-bearing frogs had been maintained at 4OC for several months (7).In the present study "virus-free" primary tumors and eye chamber transplants from these tumors were subjected to prolonged low temperature treatment. Herpes-type virus developed both in primary tumors and in transplants, and herpesvirus was recovered from primary tumor.

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“…If frogs bearing primary virus-free tumors were kept for prolonged periods at low temperatures, the herpesvirus particles appeared in the tumor cells (44). Granoff and his co-workers isolated a virus, FV-l, from the frog tumor cells which was unable to replicate at 33°C although replication occurred at 24°C (45). Virus multiplication ceased at any time in the growth cycle when the temperature was elevated to 33°C, suggesting that maturation may be the thermo sensitive event.…”

Section: Herpesvirusesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Defective Dna Animal Viruses

Rapp¹

1969

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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Viruses and renal carcinoma of Rana pipiens

Cited by 147 publications

References 18 publications

Rapid Response to Evaluate the Presence of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus in Wild Amphibian Populations in Madagascar

Rapid Response to Evaluate the Presence of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus in Wild Amphibian Populations in Madagascar

Herpes-Type Virus Recovery from "Virus-Free" Frog Kidney Tumors

Defective Dna Animal Viruses

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