Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms III. Rhinoviruses: molecular biology and prospects for future intervention

Johnston, SL; Bardin, P. G.; Pattemore, P. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00316.x

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Using the polymerase chain re action to identify respiratory viruses [1], our group has dem onstrated viral pathogens in over 80% of asthma exacerba tions in a study o f 9 to 11-year-old children, with HRV being responsible for 50% of the episodes [2], A recent study by Nicholson et al [3] in adults reported similar results. HRV serotype 16 infection has also been shown to convert single early bronchoconstrictor responses to allergen to dual early and late responses, accompanied by increased responsive ness of the airways to histamine and allergen [4], Despite strong epidemiological and experimental sup port for an important role for HRV in the pathogenesis of lower airways pathology and asthma exacerbations, the mechanism remains unexplained.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Lower Airways Inflammatory Response during Rhinovirus Colds

Bardin

Fraenkel

Sanderson

et al. 1995

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Human rhinovirus (HRV) causes the majority of common colds and possibly also asthma exacerbations. Mechanisms linking viruses to changes in airway reactivity are not defined and we hypothesized that changes in endobronchial cell populations may be implicated. Bronchial mucosal biopsies taken before, during and after experimental infections with HRV serotype 16 were examined and histamine reactivity was measured in 17 adult volunteers (6 atopic asthmatics). Biopsies were examined for mast cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils by immunohistochemical techniques. Increases in histamine responsiveness (PC₂₀) were found (p = 0.048), accompanied by an increase in submucosal lymphocytes (p = 0.05). There was a significant increase in epithelial eosinophils with the cold (p = 0.042), and in asthmatics this appeared to persist into convalescence. Rhinoviral common colds are associated with a bronchial mucosal lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate that may be related to changes in airway responsiveness and asthma exacerbations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Lower Airways Inflammatory Response during Rhinovirus Colds

Bardin

Fraenkel

Sanderson

et al. 1995

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Thirdly, certain viruses are more likely than others to cause wheezing. These include rhino-virus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza [38]. The proxies used for these infections in the present study, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, pneumonia and croup are also proxies for other viruses and some nonviruses which may not be strongly associated with wheezing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most extreme example of this was the correlation between asthma and bronchitis/bronchiolitis. Given that respiratory syncytial virus has been linked both to wheezing and bronchiolitis [37,38], a true correlation between asthma and bronchitis/bronchiolitis would be expected but after accounting for potential confounding, the correlation fell from r=0.4 to r=0.0. Thirdly, certain viruses are more likely than others to cause wheezing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhinovirus infection cannot be accurately assessed by serology and cultures are insensitive. Although currently expensive and not widely available, the polymerase chain reaction technique may prove to be useful in this respect [38]. The relation to infection is unproven and there may be unidentified trigger factors (other than infection, air pollutants and aerobiologicals) responsible for the seasonal pattern observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory infections and the autumn increase in asthma morbidity

Dales¹,

Schweitzer²,

Toogood³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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Unexplained autumn increases in hospital admissions for asthma have been reported in many countries, including the United States, Canada, England and Wales.To investigate the role of infection, the association was tested between hospital admissions for asthma and respiratory infections among preschool children in Metropolitan Toronto, Canada during the period 1981 to 1989. The seasonal pattern in overall hospital utilization was assessed by admissions for nonrespiratory diseases. Time series analysis was used to remove potentially confounding temporal trends and the influence of correlated errors.A fourfold increase in asthma admissions occurred between July and October unaccompanied by similar increases in nonrespiratory admissions. Admissions began increasing during the third week of August, peaked during the third week in September, and slowly decreased during November and December. After adjusting for serial correlation, trends, climate, ambient air pollution and aeroallergens, the seasonal pattern of respiratory infection explained 14% of the variance in asthma admissions.Based on seasonal patterns, respiratory infection is the major identifiable risk factor for the large autumnal increase in asthma admissions.

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“…The role of virus infections (11) as precipitants of asthma symptoms, from epidemiology, through clinical and laboratory findings up to molecular biology, has recently been extensively and very cogently reviewed by Bardin et al (5), Johnston et al (35), and Pattemore (47). Their papers provide new insights into the relationship between viruses and asthma, as they critically reviewed the methods of virus detection and identification in the various studies, concluding that most of them drew conclusions on the basis of unreliable or invalid experimental procedures.…”

Section: Epithelial Cells Adhesion Molecules and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%