Viruses Associated with A Die-Back Disease of Cultivated Mushroom

Hollings, M.

doi:10.1038/196962a0

Cited by 294 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…Although initially reported as diseases of cultivated mushroom (Gandy, 1960 andHollings, 1962), to date the majority of the described mycoviruses are studied for their ability to change the virulence (if the host is a pathogen) or more generally the phenotype of their hosts. Another interest in mycovirus research comes from early work on the use of fungi in biotechnology (yeast fermentation, antibiotic production, and interferon purification) and their possible interference with fermentation processes or their added value given by the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in culture filtrates (Banks et al, 1968 andWoods andBevan, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marine fungi

Nerva¹,

et al. 2016

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Highlights• First report of mycoviruses isolated from fungi from marine environment.• Survey of mycoviruses using multiple approaches for both DNA and RNA genomes.• RNAseq analysis is superior to sRNA for de novo assembly of mycoviruses.• Twelve new virus species were characterized molecularly.• Expression of a viral RNA from an endogenized cDNA segment. AbstractThe number of reported mycoviruses is increasing exponentially due to the current ability to detect mycoviruses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, with a large number of viral genomes built in-silico using data from fungal transcriptome projects. We decided to screen a collection of fungi originating from a specific marine environment (associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica) for the presence of mycoviruses: our findings reveal a wealth of diversity among these symbionts and this complexity will require further studies to address their specific role in this ecological niche. In specific, we identified twelve new virus species belonging to nine distinct lineages: they are members of megabirnavirus, totivirus, chrysovirus, partitivirus and five still undefined clades. We showed evidence of an endogenized virus ORF, and evidence of accumulation of dsRNA from metaviridae retroviral elements. We applied different techniques for detecting the presence of mycoviruses including (i) dsRNA extraction and cDNA cloning, (ii) small and total RNA sequencing through NGS techniques, (iii) rolling circle amplification (RCA) and total DNA extraction analyses, (iv) virus purifications and electron microscopy. We tried also to critically evaluate the intrinsic value and limitations of each of these techniques. Based on the samples we could compare directly, RNAseq analysis is superior to sRNA for de novo assembly of mycoviruses. To our knowledge this is the first report on the virome of fungi isolated from marine environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marine fungi

Nerva¹,

et al. 2016

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“…Three morphologically and serologically distinct viruses of the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) were initially reported (Hollings, 1962); two isometric viruses designated MVI (25 nm) and MV2 (29 nm diam. ), and the bacilliform MV3 (I9 × 5o nm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Some Properties of Two Viruses Infecting the Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Barton¹,

Hollings²

1979

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYHighly purified preparations of the isometric mushroom viruses 1 and 4 were made by a combination of differential centrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. Purified preparations of MVI virions (25 nm diam.) sedimented at 13oS contained one capsid polypeptide of mol. wt. 244oo and two species of double-stranded RNA of mol. wt. approx.

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“…These results suggested either that isolate 2-2 contained two distinct viruses with similar diameters, as has been found in several fungi (HoUings, 1978) or that the virus particles may have been partially degraded by a protease giving rise to two electrophoretic forms, as has been shown with cowpea mosaic virus (Geelen et al, 1973). To help to distinguish between these two possibilities a rabbit antiserum to the purified virus particles was prepared using the method of Hollings (1962). When purified virus preparations were allowed to diffuse against this antiserum in gel immunodiffusion tests, two clear precipitin lines were formed (Fig.…”

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confidence: 68%