Viruses Infecting Reptiles

Marschang, Rachel E.

doi:10.3390/v3112087

Cited by 186 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 168 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

168

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These signs are very limited compared to those described in the literature for ranavirusinfected tortoises, which include nasal and ocular discharge, oral plaques, conjunctivitis, abnormal behaviour, swelling, erythema, diarrhoea and lethargy (De Voe et al 2004, Johnson et al 2007, Allender et al 2011, 2013a, Marschang 2011, Allender 2012. The pathogenicity of BIV in juvenile tortoises was rapid in the final stage and caused death within 24 h of the first signs of lethargy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to infections in amphibians and fish, several publications document ranavirus as a cause of disease in reptiles (e.g. Hyatt et al 2002, Marschang 2011, Allender et al 2013a). The capacity of ranavirus to cross species boundaries makes for complex epidemiology with potential reservoirs in many different species in any given location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathogenicity in six Australian reptile species following experimental inoculation with Bohle iridovirus

Ariel¹,

Wirth²,

Burgess³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ranaviruses are able to infect multiple species of fish, amphibian and reptile, and some strains are capable of interclass transmission. These numerous potential carriers and reservoir species compound efforts to control and contain infections in cultured and wild populations, and a comprehensive knowledge of susceptible species and life stage is necessary to inform such processes. Here we report on the challenge of 6 water-associated reptiles with Bohle iridovirus (BIV) to investigate its potential pathogenicity in common native reptiles of the aquatic and riparian fauna of northern Queensland, Australia. Adult tortoises Elseya latisternum and Emydura krefftii, snakes Boiga irregularis, Dendrelaphis punctulatus and Amphiesma mairii, and yearling crocodiles Crocodylus johnstoni were exposed via intracoelomic inoculation or co-habitation with infected con-specifics, but none were adversely affected by the challenge conditions applied here. Bohle iridovirus was found to be extremely virulent in hatchling tortoises E. latisternum and E. krefftii via intracoelomic challenge, as demonstrated by distinct lesions in multiple organs associated with specific immunohistochemistry staining and a lethal outcome (10/17) of the challenge. Virus was re-isolated from 2/5 E. latisternum, 4/12 E. krefftii and 1/3 brown tree snakes B. irregularis. Focal necrosis, haemorrhage and infiltration of granulocytes were frequently observed histologically in the pancreas, liver and sub-mucosa of the intestine of challenged tortoise hatchlings. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of ranavirus antigens in the necrotic lesions and in individual cells of the vascular endothelium, the connective tissue and in granulocytes associated with necrosis or present along serosal surfaces. The outcome of this study confirms hatchling tortoises are susceptible to BIV, thereby adding Australian reptiles to the host range of ranaviruses. Additionally, given that BIV was originally isolated from an amphibian, our study provides additional evidence that interclass transmission of ranavirus may occur in the wild.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity in six Australian reptile species following experimental inoculation with Bohle iridovirus

Ariel¹,

Wirth²,

Burgess³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A large number of viruses have been characterized in reptiles [58][59][60], including at least 11 families reported from snakes. Hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses, however, have not been reported in this group, with the exception of one transcript of a truncated bornavirus nucleoprotein gene (94 aa) found in a Gaboon viper transcriptome [44] and a TBLASTN hit corresponding to our python EBLN3 reported in a supplementary table of Horie et al [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report the discovery of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) from Hepadnaviridae, Bornaviridae and Circoviridae in the speckled rattlesnake, Crotalus mitchellii, the first viperid snake for which a draft whole genome sequence assembly is available. Analysis of the draft assembly reveals genome fragments from the three virus families were inserted into the genome of this snake over the past 50 Myr. Cross-species PCR screening of orthologous loci and computational scanning of the python and king cobra genomes reveals that circoviruses integrated most recently (within the last approx. 10 Myr), whereas bornaviruses and hepadnaviruses integrated at least approximately 13 and approximately 50 Ma, respectively. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of circo-, borna-and hepadnaviruses in snakes and the first characterization of non-retroviral EVEs in non-avian reptiles. Our study provides a window into the historical dynamics of viruses in these host lineages and shows that their evolution involved multiple host-switches between mammals and reptiles.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of members of a large variety of different virus families in reptiles has been described in the past 30 years, yet the number of reptilian viruses with partial or complete genome sequences is still rather limited (Jacobson, 2007;Marschang, 2011). This is especially true for parvoviruses, sequence data from which have been reported only from snakes to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Distinct viral infections have been described in representatives of some species of almost every larger reptilian taxon. Among the few exceptions with no virus de-tection record are the order Rhynchocephalia and the group of Amphisbaenia (Essbauer and Ahne, 2001;Marschang, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel parvovirus from the worm lizard Trogonophis wiegmanni — First virus ever detected in amphisbaenian hosts

Pénzes

Benkő

2014

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To explore the diversity of some DNA viruses in reptiles, a continuous screening is going on, in our laboratory, by PCR using different consensus primers designed for the detection of the most conserved genome regions of adeno-, herpes-and parvoviruses. The test material consists essentially of dead specimens collected randomly from private pet owners, local pet shops, or at occasional exotic pet fairs. Here we report the partial sequence of a putative novel parvovirus obtained from a dead checkerboard worm lizard (Trogonophis wiegmanni) that had been wild-caught in its native habitat. An in-house-developed PCR with consensus primers targeting the gene of the parvoviral capsid protein was used. Other PCRs, intended to detect certain large DNA viruses, remained negative. The sequence of the PCR product indicated the presence of a hitherto unknown parvovirus in the internal organs of the checkerboard worm lizard. In phylogeny reconstruction, the novel sequence clustered with the members of the Dependovirus genus of the Parvoririnae subfamily, closest to the branch of snake adenoassociated virus. Since we could not demonstrate the presence of a potential helper virus, the putative amphisbaenian parvovirus supposedly can replicate autonomously. This is the first virus infection ever detected in any members of the suborder Amphisbaenia, and only the third parvoviral sequence obtained from any reptilian host.

show abstract

Viruses Infecting Reptiles

Cited by 186 publications

References 168 publications

Pathogenicity in six Australian reptile species following experimental inoculation with Bohle iridovirus

Pathogenicity in six Australian reptile species following experimental inoculation with Bohle iridovirus

Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes

Novel parvovirus from the worm lizard Trogonophis wiegmanni — First virus ever detected in amphisbaenian hosts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About