Viruses Isolated from Panamanian Sloths *

Seymour, Charles; Peralta, Pauline H.; Montgomery, G. G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1983.32.1435

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI and Bradypus variegatus , commonly known as the Hoffman’s two-toed sloth (HTS) and the brown-throated sloth (BTS), respectively, are hosts for many tropical arboviruses with potential public health implications (Seymour et al 1983a, b, c; Gilmore et al 2001). Additionally, sloths are hosts to some viruses often shared between livestock and other domesticated species (Seymour et al 1983c; Figueiredo 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, sloths are hosts to some viruses often shared between livestock and other domesticated species (Seymour et al 1983c; Figueiredo 2007). The low metabolism of sloths could be associated with a long-lasting viremia for many viruses, which might increase transmission stability (Seymour et al 1983a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viruses included 10 arboviruses previously described in sloths: St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEEV), Changuinola (CGLV), Ilheus (ILHV), Oropouche (OROV), Mayaro (MAYV), Utinga (UTIV), Murutucu (MURV), Punta Toro (PTV), and vesicular stomatitis (VSV) viruses (Tesh et al 1969; Seymour et al 1983a, b, c; Seymour 1985; Gilmore et al 2001) and six arboviruses not reported in sloths: Rio Grande (RGV), West Nile (WNV), eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV), Piry (PIRYV), Munguba (MUNV), and La Crosse (LCV) viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Punta Toro virus is a rare zoonotic virus causing febrile illness in humans and vectored by sand flies Lutzomyia spp. (Seymour et al 1983c). It was studied as a model for Rift Valley fever infection in laboratory animals (Ashley et al 2011) and has been used as a vaccine candidate against Rift Valley fever (Lihoradova et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary vector in Brazil and Panama is the sandfly, Lutzomyia umbratilis (Woodall 1967). Antibody-positive sloths have been reported in Panama (Seymour et al 1983a, b) and Brazil (Gilmore et al 2001) and are believed to be reservoirs for this virus (Seymour et al 1983c). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SEROSURVEY OF SELECTED ARBOVIRAL PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING, TWO-TOED SLOTHS (CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI) AND THREE-TOED SLOTHS (BRADYPUS VARIEGATUS) IN COSTA RICA, 2005–07

Medlin¹,

Deardorff²,

Hanley

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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We screened for antibodies to 16 arboviruses in four populations of free-ranging sloths in Costa Rica. Blood samples were taken from 16 Hoffman’s two-toed sloths (HTSs; CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI) and 26 brown-throated sloths (BTSs; BRADYPUS VARIEGATUS) over a 3-yr period. We used serologic assays to detect antibodies against 10 arboviruses previously described in sloths (St. Louis encephalitis [SLEV], Changuinola, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ilheus [ILHV], Oropouche, Mayaro, Utinga, Murutucu, Punta Toro, and vesicular stomatitis [VSV] viruses) and six arboviruses not described in sloths (Rio Grande, West Nile [WNV], eastern equine encephalitis, Piry, Munguba, and La Crosse viruses). Overall, 80% of sloths had detectable antibodies to SLEV, 67% had antibodies to ILHV, 32% to Punta Toro virus, 30% to Changuinola virus, 15% to WNV, 14% to VSV, 11% to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and 10% to Rio Grande virus. No samples had detectable antibodies to the remaining eight viruses. We found a significant increase in prevalence of antibody to VSV in HTSs between 2005 and 2007, and for WNV antibody between 2005 and 2006. We found no significant differences in the prevalences of antibodies to the sampled viruses between the two locations. Antibody prevalences were significantly higher in HTSs than in BTSs for SLEV in 2005. Antibody-positive results for ILHV were likely due to cross-reaction with SLEV. The novel finding of antibodies to Rio Grande virus in sloths could be due to cross-reaction with another phlebovirus. These findings might have implications for land management and domestic animal health. Due to the nature of the study, we could not determine whether sloths could represent amplification hosts for these viruses, or whether they were only exposed and could be used as sentinel species. Further studies are needed to fully characterize arboviral exposure in sloths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

SEROSURVEY OF SELECTED ARBOVIRAL PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING, TWO-TOED SLOTHS (CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI) AND THREE-TOED SLOTHS (BRADYPUS VARIEGATUS) IN COSTA RICA, 2005–07

Medlin¹,

Deardorff²,

Hanley

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Surveillance of Arboviruses in Primates and Sloths in the Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil

et al. 2018

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From 2006 through 2014, we conducted seroepidemiological surveys on non-human primates and sloths to investigate the possible circulation of arboviruses in Bahia Atlantic Forest, Brazil. We collected a total of 196 samples from 103 Leontopithecus chrysomelas, 7 Sapajus xanthosternos, 22 Bradypus torquatus and 7 Bradypus variegatus. Serum samples were tested using neutralization test and hemagglutination inhibition test to detect total antibodies against 26 different arboviruses. The overall prevalence of arboviruses was 36.6% (51/139), with the genus Flavivirus having the highest prevalence (33.1%; 46/139), followed by Phlebovirus (5.0%; 7/139), Orthobunyavirus (4.3%; 6/139) and Alphavirus (0.7%; 1/139). Monotypic reactions suggest that the wild animals were exposed naturally to at least twelve arboviruses. Added results from the neutralization test, animals were exposed to thirteen arboviruses. Most of these viruses are maintained in transmission cycles independent of human hosts, although antibodies against dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were found in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting exposure to arboviruses in L. chrysomelas, S. xanthosternos and B. torquatus. Our results also highlight that the Southern Bahia Atlantic Forest has a variety of vertebrate hosts and potential vectors, which may support the emergence or re-emergence of arboviruses, including those pathogenic to humans.

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Genomic characterization of Changuinola viruses from Panama: evidence for multiple genome segment reassortment

et al. 2020

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Viruses Isolated from Panamanian Sloths *

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

SEROSURVEY OF SELECTED ARBOVIRAL PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING, TWO-TOED SLOTHS (CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI) AND THREE-TOED SLOTHS (BRADYPUS VARIEGATUS) IN COSTA RICA, 2005–07

SEROSURVEY OF SELECTED ARBOVIRAL PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING, TWO-TOED SLOTHS (CHOLOEPUS HOFFMANNI) AND THREE-TOED SLOTHS (BRADYPUS VARIEGATUS) IN COSTA RICA, 2005–07

Surveillance of Arboviruses in Primates and Sloths in the Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil

Genomic characterization of Changuinola viruses from Panama: evidence for multiple genome segment reassortment

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